Integrative analysis of immunogenic PANoptosis and experimental validation of cinobufagin-induced activation to enhance glioma immunotherapy.

Background: Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a highly aggressive tumor with limited responsiveness to immunotherapy. PANoptosis, a form of programmed cell death merging pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, plays an important role in reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness. This study investigates PANoptosis dynamics in glioma and explores the therapeutic potential of its activation, particularly through natural compounds such as cinobufagin.

Comparative analysis of spinal flexion angles during smartphone use in toilet: a randomized cross-over with three-period study.

: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of smartphone use while sitting on the toilet on the spinal flexion angles and the time effect. : Measurements of the spinal flexion angles in the sagittal plane were made by thirty participants while they sat on the toilet for 10 min, using a smartphone in either one, both, or neither hand. The individual's forehead, cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal areas were each fitted with five different inertial motion sensors.

Role of sirtuins in obesity and osteoporosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

The prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis (OP) represents a significant public health concern on a global scale. A substantial body of evidence indicates that there is a complex relationship between obesity and OP, with a correlation between the occurrence of OP and obesity. In recent years, sirtuins have emerged as a prominent area of interest in the fields of aging and endocrine metabolism.

Metoprolol adverse events and literature analyses: case/non-case analyses using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Background: In recent years, β-blockers such as metoprolol have been upgraded to first-line antihypertensive drugs. However, metoprolol demonstrates poor prognosis effects on diseases such as stroke. Further clinical application may expand the possibility of its related adverse reactions.

Machine learning-based identification of histone deacetylase-associated prognostic factors and prognostic modeling for low-grade glioma.

Background: Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a slow-growing but invasive tumor that affects brain function. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in gene regulation and tumor progression. This study aims to develop a prognostic model based on HDAC-related genes to aid in risk stratification and predict therapeutic responses.

Effectiveness of Peer-Assisted Learning in health professional education: a scoping review of systematic reviews.

Background: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been widely implemented for many years worldwide. To further enhance the understanding of available data, a scoping review of systematic reviews was conducted to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of PAL in health professional education, aiming to provide more comprehensive outcomes.

Methods: Nine databases were systematically searched.

The SnRK2.2-ZmHsf28-JAZ14/17 module regulates drought tolerance in maize.

Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are important plant hormones in response to drought stress. We have identified that ZmHsf28 elevated ABA and JA accumulation to confer drought tolerance in maize; however, the underlying mechanism still remains elusive. The knockout line zmhsf28 is generated to confirm the positive role of ZmHsf28 in drought response.

Signal detection and analysis of sulfasalazine adverse reaction events based on the US FDA adverse event reporting database.

Background: Based on real data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we explored and evaluated the adverse reactions (ADRs) of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in the first quarter of 2004-2023 to provide a reference basis and early warning for the safe use of SSZ in the clinic.

Research Design And Methods: The reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) were used as measures of SSZ-associated adverse events (AEs) signals, mining for potential positive signals between SSZ and AE.

Results: In this study, a total of 5327 case reports related to SSZ in the last 20 years involving 25 system organ classes (SOCs) were collected in FAERS.

Pharmacovigilance analysis of orlistat adverse events based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.

Objective: Based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, we analyzed the signals of potential adverse events (AEs) of orlistat in the real world to provide a reference for its safe clinical use.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of semaglutide: Post-marketing pharmacovigilance data.

Aim/introduction: The recent adverse reactions associated with semaglutide have led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue a "black box warning", and it is necessary to analyze all reports of adverse reactions to improve the safety of its clinical use.

Materials And Methods: Statistical analyses and signal mining were performed by obtaining the adverse event reports related to semaglutide in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2023. We used disproportionality and Bayesian analysis to examine clinical and demographic attributes, trends reported quarterly, and contrasts between two distinct indications (obesity and type 2 diabetes).

Degradation of organic pollutants by the Cl/PMS process.

The viewpoints on whether high concentrations of chloride ion (Cl) promote or inhibit the oxidation activity of activated persulfates are still inconclusive. Furthermore, the degradation of organic pollutants by the persulfates in the presence of high Cl concentrations without any activation medium has not yet been studied. In this work, the efficiency and mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants such as carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and phenol (PN) by Cl-activated PMS (denoted as Cl/PMS) were investigated.

In Situ Symbiosis of Cerium Oxide Nanophase for Enhancing the Oxygen Electrocatalysis Performance of Single-Atom Fe─N─C Catalyst with Prolonged Stability for Zinc-Air Batteries.

The Fenton reaction, induced by the HO formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process leads to significant dissolution of Fe, resulting in unsatisfactory stability of the iron-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts (Fe-NC). In this study, a strategy is proposed to improve the ORR catalytic activity while eliminating the effect of HO by introducing CeO nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and subsequent characterizations reveal that CeO nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the carbon substrate, with atomically dispersed Fe single-atom catalysts (SACs) adjacent to them.

Cytochrome P450 CYP736A12 is crucial for Trichoderma asperellum-induced alleviation of phoxim phytotoxicity and reduction of pesticide residue in tomato roots.

Trichoderma can enhance the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides in plants, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of roots upon Trichoderma asperellum (TM) inoculation and phoxim (P) application in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Exploring the effect of photobiomodulation and gamma visual stimulation induced by 808 nm and visible LED in Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Although photobiomodulation (PBM) and gamma visual stimulatqion (GVS) have been overwhelmingly explored in the recent time as a possible light stimulation (LS) means of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy, their effects have not been assessed at once. In our research, the AD mouse model was stimulated using light with various parameters [continuous wave (PBM) or 40 Hz pulsed visible LED (GVS) or 40 Hz pulsed 808 nm LED (PBM and GVS treatment)]]. The brain slices collected from the LS treated AD model mice were evaluated using (i) fluorescence microscopy to image thioflavine-S labeled amy-loid-β (Aβ) plaques (the main hallmark of AD), or (ii) two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of unlabeled Aβ plaques, showing that the amount of Aβ plaques was reduced after LS treatment.

Combination of deep learning and 2D CARS figures for identification of amyloid-β plaques.

In vivo imaging and accurate identification of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque are crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. In this work, we propose to combine the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, a powerful detection technology for providing Raman spectra and label-free imaging, with deep learning to distinguish Aβ from non-Aβ regions in AD mice brains in vivo. The 1D CARS spectra is firstly converted to 2D CARS figures by using two different methods: spectral recurrence plot (SRP) and spectral Gramian angular field (SGAF).

Combined immunochemotherapy achieving targeted co-delivery of chlorogenic acid and doxorubicin by sialic acid-modified liposomes enhances anti-cancer efficacy.

Malignant melanoma is a high-grade aggressive skin tumor with an increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin have limited efficacy against melanoma due to their poor sensitivity, severe side effects, and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy have a synergistic effect in enhancing the anti-tumor effect.

Synergistic photobiomodulation with 808-nm and 1064-nm lasers to reduce the β-amyloid neurotoxicity in the Alzheimer's disease models.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is closely associated with the neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia, which may result in the functional impairment of neurons through pro-inflammation and over-pruning of the neurons. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach without any conspicuous side effect, which has shown promising attributes in the treatment of chronic brain diseases such as AD by reducing the Aβ burden. However, neither the optimal parameters for PBM treatment nor its exact role in modulating the microglial functions/activities has been conclusively established yet.

Dynamic Volumetric Imaging of Mouse Cerebral Blood Vessels In Vivo with an Ultralong Anti-Diffracting Beam.

Volumetric imaging of a mouse brain in vivo with one-photon and two-photon ultralong anti-diffracting (UAD) beam illumination was performed. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of blood vessels in the mouse brain were mapped to a two-dimensional (2D) image. The speed of volumetric imaging was significantly improved due to the long focal length of the UAD beam.

The association between fatty liver index and onset of diabetes: secondary analysis of a population-based cohort study.

Background: According to research, the fatty liver index (FLI) is associated with diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between FLI and diabetes risk from various perspectives. This study comprehensively investigated the relationship between FLI and incident diabetes in a large Japanese population.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Improves Nontraumatic Knee Contracture in a Rat Model.

Background: Joint contractures occur frequently after trauma or immobilization, but few reliable treatments are available. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is often used for various musculoskeletal conditions, but whether it is effective for treating joint contractures and the mechanisms through which it might work for that condition remain unclear.

Questions/purposes: Using a rat model, we asked, does ESWT (1) inhibit the progression of knee contracture, (2) ameliorate histopathologic joint changes, and (3) improve serum and myofascial fibrosis-related factors? We also asked, (4) what is the possible mechanism by which ESWT inhibits knee contracture?

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old and weighing 300 to 400 g) were randomly separated into two groups: control group (eight rats) and noncontrol group (24) in the first week.

Long-Term Repeatable In Vivo Monitoring of Amyloid-β Plaques and Vessels in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model with Combined TPEF/CARS Microscopy.

Long-term, repeatable monitoring of the appearance and progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in real time can be extremely beneficial to acquire highly reliable diagnostic insights, which is crucial for devising apt strategies towards effective AD treatment. Herein, we present an optimized innovative cranial window imaging method for the long-term repeatable imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and vessels in an AD mouse model. Basically, two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy was used to monitor the fluorescently labeled Aβ plaques, whereas the label-free blood vessels were studied using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in the live in vivo AD mouse model.

A new HClO-activated "turn-off" mitochondria-targetable NIR fluorescent probe for imaging of osteoarthritis in vivo.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a biomarker of inflammation has been implicated in redox signaling and combating microbial infection. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient method for detection and analysis of HClO in osteoarthritis. Herein, a new"turn-off" mitochondria-targetable NIR fluorescent probe, NIR-ClO, was reported for specific analysis and imaging of osteoarthritis response-related HOCl levels in vitro and in vivo.