Visible light-mediated decarboxylative allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with unactivated aliphatic acids.

Carboxylic acids are bench-stable and readily available chemical feedstocks that function as optimal and fundamental synthetic platforms for the construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds through decarboxylation processes. Herein, a visible light-induced and metal-free strategy for the direct decarboxylative allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with aliphatic acids was developed. The model delivered a series of trisubstituted alkenes in good to excellent yields.

Decarboxylative Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates with Aliphatic Acids via Photochemical Iron-Mediated Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer.

Carboxylic acids are bench-stable and readily available chemical feedstocks that function as optimal and fundamental synthetic platforms for the construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds via decarboxylation processes. We present a novel and practical protocol for the decarboxylative alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with various carboxylic acids via a photoinduced iron-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process under redox-neutral conditions. This method exhibits remarkable tolerance to a wide array of carboxylic acids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids, obviating the requirement for preactivated radical precursors.

Enhancing active ingredient biosynthesis in Chinese herbal medicine: biotechnological strategies and molecular mechanisms.

Background: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a fundamental component of traditional Chinese medical practice, offering a rich source of natural remedies with significant therapeutic potential. However, the scarcity of active ingredients and complex extraction procedures present substantial challenges to their widespread clinical application. This review aims to address this gap by exploring the potential of modern biotechnological advancements in enhancing the biosynthesis of these valuable compounds.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide insights into the biosynthesis of militarine in the cell suspension culture system of Bletilla striata.

Militarine is a monomer molecule with abundant and distinctive biological properties, also the lead member of secondary metabolites in Bletilla striata, while its biosynthesis mechanism is still unknown. To improve the production efficiency of militarine, sodium acetate and salicylic acid (SA) were introduced as elicitors into the suspension-cultured callus of B. striata.

Bibliometric insights into astrocytic roles in depression and treatment.

Objective: Depression is a mental disorder that significantly impairs both physical and mental health. Recent studies have shown that reactive astrogliosis have gained significant attention for their involvement in the pathophysiology of depression. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field.

The secretion of TGF-β3 by adipose-derived stem cells inhibits melanin synthesis and its impact on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in suppressing melanin synthesis during the wound healing process, particularly in burn injuries, and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. ADSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation assays. A burn injury model was established in mice, followed by UVB irradiation to induce hyperpigmentation.

The Mitochondrial Blueprint: Unlocking Secondary Metabolite Production.

Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites, which are crucial for the survival and adaptation of organisms. These metabolites are synthesized during specific growth stages or in response to environmental stress, reflecting the organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. Mitochondria, while primarily known for their role in energy production, directly regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis by providing essential precursor molecules, energy, and reducing equivalents necessary for metabolic reactions.

Enhancement of dewatering performance and effective degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in biological oily sludge using atmospheric pressure plasma jet.

The presence of petroleum hydrocarbon components (PHCs) in biological oily sludge increases the toxicity of the sludge and makes dewatering even more difficult. In this study, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) technology was used for treating biological oily sludge. The results showed that under specific conditions-a sludge/water ratio of 1:100, a discharge power of 440 W, and a 60-min treatment-the degradation rate of PHCs reached 36.

Disruption of PCSK9 Suppresses Inflammation and Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease without effective medications. PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), a serine protease from the proprotein convertase family, has recently been associated with AAA in human genome-wide association studies. However, its role in AAA is unknown.

Complement factor B, not the membrane attack complex component C9, promotes neointima formation after arterial wire injury.

Background And Aims: Vascular restenosis due to neointima hyperplasia limits the long-term patency of stented arteries, resulting in angioplasty failure. The complement system has been implicated in restenosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of complement factor B (fB), an essential component of the alternative pathway of complement activation, in neointima formation.

CircRNA regulates lung cancer metastasis.

Lung cancer stands prominently among the foremost contributors to human mortality, distinguished by its elevated fatality rate and the second-highest incidence rate among malignancies. The metastatic dissemination of lung cancer stands as a primary determinant of its elevated mortality and recurrence rates, underscoring the imperative for comprehensive investigation into its metastatic pathways. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, have garnered attention for their pivotal involvement in the genesis and advancement of lung cancer.

Tanshinone T1/T2A inhibits non-small cell lung cancer through Lin28B-let-7-BORA/MYC regulatory network.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tanshinones are a group of compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Although the effects of tanshinone I (T1) and tanshinone IIA (T2A) are widely concerned, the mechanisms of T1 and T2A in lung cancer is rarely studied.

Combined contamination of tire and road wear microplastics with heavy metals in expressway tunnels: occurrence characteristics and risk assessment.

Tire and road wear microplastics (TRWMPs), as an important type of microplastics, have attracted increasing attention. However, current studies on their contamination within expressway tunnels remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence characteristics of TRWMPs in dusts from various tunnels, and combined contamination with heavy metals (HMs).

Modulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines on gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-x axis.

The gut microbiota offers numerous benefits to the human body, including the promotion of nutrient absorption, participation in metabolic processes, and enhancement of immune function. Recent studies have introduced the concept of the gut-organ axis, which encompasses interactions such as the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and gut-lung axis. This concept underscores the complex interplay between gut microbiota and various organs and tissues, including the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, and bones.

Oxygen and Electron Storage Effects in W-Modified Ceria Catalysts for Ammonia Conversion.

Tungsten-modified CeO is an excellent catalyst for the catalytic conversion of ammonia. However, the geometric and electronic properties of this catalyst and the detailed reaction mechanisms are not well understood. In this work, the potential configurations of various monomer tungsten oxides supported on the CeO(111) surface (WO(x = 0-4)/CeO(111)) are systematically studied and their relative stabilities are evaluated by using on-site Coulomb interaction corrected density functional theory calculations.

How to Set Working Cannula in Endoscopic-Assisted Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Morphometric Analysis Based on Computed Tomography.

Objectives: There is a high risk of nerve root injury during endoscopic-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF). This study used computed tomography (CT) imaging to assess the relationship between the exiting nerve root and its surroundings, and the corresponding intervertebral disc. We also measured the approximate position and angle for the placement of the working cannula to reduce the risk of nerve root injury during Endo-TLIF procedures in the Chinese population.

Triglyceride-glucose index-A novel metabolism disorder biomarker as a promising indicator for predicting postoperative 30-day infections in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal-related abdominal and pelvic surgery.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose index, a reliable surrogate biomarker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. However, few studies have investigated the association of the triglyceride-glucose index with postoperative infections. This study aimed to study the clinical risk values of the preoperative triglyceride-glucose index in postoperative infection complications in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal-related abdominal and pelvic surgery.

Distribution and Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium Biocides Resistant Bacteria in Different Soils, in South-Western China.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in hundreds of disinfectants for controlling the epidemic of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and are also widely used in shale gas exploitation. The occurrence of QAC-resistant bacteria in the environment could enlarge the risk of sterilization failure, which is not fully understood. In this study, QAC-resistant bacteria were enumerated and characterized in 25 soils collected from shale gas exploitation areas.

Nickel-based dual single atom electrocatalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction.

Electrochemical nitrate (NO) reduction reaction (NORR) to ammonium (NH) or nitrogen (N) provides a green route for nitrate remediation. However, nitrite generation and hydrogen evolution reactions hinder the feasibility of the process. Herein, dual single atom catalysts were rationally designed by introducing Ag/Bi/Mo atoms to atomically dispersed NiNC moieties supported by nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet (NCNS) for the NORR.