Targeted Initiation of Trained Immunity in Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Membrane-Camouflaged Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Lung Carcinoma Immunotherapy.

Inducing trained immunity in macrophages is an increasingly promising strategy for preventing cancer development. However, it has not been investigated whether trained immunity in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be initiated for antitumor applications. Here, we provide a practical strategy that utilizes the macrophage membrane (M) to camouflage Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M@BCG), endowing it with the capability to selectively target tumors and efficiently induce trained immunity for TAMs.

18F-FDG and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT Findings in Patient With Multicenter Castleman Disease.

Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder primarily affecting lymph nodes, including unicentric and multicentric types. The multicentric form is rarer and can often be misdiagnosed as lymphoma. Here, we report 18F-FDG and 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT findings in a case of Castleman disease involving the nasopharynx and multiple lymph nodes.

Targeting Autophagy in Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia in clinical practice, and its incidence is positively correlated with risk factors that include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Although our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the occurrence and persistence of AF has been increasing rapidly, the exact mechanism of AF is still not fully understood. Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved and specific physiological process in cells that has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for several cardiovascular diseases including the pathophysiology of AF.

The role of iron overload and ferroptosis in arrhythmia pathogenesis.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death triggered by intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in various cells. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The intricate mechanism underlying ferroptosis involves an imbalance between the oxidation and antioxidant systems, disturbances in iron metabolism, membrane lipid peroxidation, and dysregulation of amino acid metabolism.

VENet: Variational energy network for gland segmentation of pathological images and early gastric cancer diagnosis of whole slide images.

Background And Objective: Gland segmentation of pathological images is an essential but challenging step for adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Although deep learning methods have recently made tremendous progress in gland segmentation, they have not given satisfactory boundary and region segmentation results of adjacent glands. These glands usually have a large difference in glandular appearance, and the statistical distribution between the training and test sets in deep learning is inconsistent.

Novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivative displayed excellent in vivo anti-glioblastoma efficacy as the microtubule-targeting agent.

In this study, a series of novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivatives (D1-D31) were designed and synthesized by integrating quinoline heterocycle to crolibulin template molecule based on the strategy of molecular hybridization. One of these compounds D19 displayed positive antiproliferative activity against U87 cancer cell line (IC = 0.90 ± 0.

Fabrication of magnesium-doped porous polylactic acid microsphere for bone regeneration.

Biodegradable polymer microspheres that can be used as drug carriers are of great importance in biomedical applications, however, there are still challenges in controllable preparation of microsphere surface morphology and improvement of bioactivity. In this paper, firstly, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was synthesised by ring-opening polymerisation under anhydrous anaerobic conditions and further combined with the emulsion method, biodegradable PLLA microspheres (PM) with sizes ranging from 60-100 μm and with good sphericity were prepared. In addition, to further improve the surface morphology of PLLA microspheres and enhance their bioactivity, functionalised porous PLLA microspheres loaded with magnesium oxide (MgO)/magnesium carbonate (MgCO) (PMg) were also prepared by the emulsion method.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in torn rotator cuff tendon tissues in diabetic patients through RNA-sequencing.

Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCT) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in the shoulder which cause pain and functional disability. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired ability of producing or responding to insulin and has been reported to act as a risk factor of the progression of rotator cuff tendinopathy and tear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development of various diseases, but little is known about their potential roles involved in RCT of diabetic patients.

Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity against Barnyard Grass, and Photolytic Behavior of Aryl 2,6-Dipyrimidinoxybenzoates.

In this study, we investigated the characteristics and herbicidal potential of bispyribac phenolic esters, which belong to the 2-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid (PYB) class of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS-)-inhibiting herbicides. These herbicides are primarily used for controlling Poaceae and broadleaf weeds. Among them, bispyribac-sodium stands out as a representative in this class.

Mitochondria-Targeting Pyroptosis Amplifier of Lonidamine-Modified Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Glioblastoma Treatments.

Pyroptosis is accompanied by immunogenic mediators' release and serves as an innovative strategy to reprogram tumor microenvironments. However, damaged mitochondria, the origin of pyroptosis, are frequently eliminated by mitophagy, which will severely impair pyroptosis-elicited immune activation. Herein, black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) are employed as a pyroptosis inducer delivery and mitophagy flux blocking system since the degradation of BP could impair lysosomal function by altering the pH within lysosomes.

High contribution of new particle formation to ultrafine particles in four seasons in an urban atmosphere in south China.

Ultra fine particles (UFP) cover the size range of both nucleation mode particles (NUC, D < 25 nm) and Aitken mode particles (AIT, 25 nm < D < 100 nm), and play important roles in radiative forcing and human health. In this study, we identified new particle formation (NPF) events and undefined events, explored their potential formation mechanism, and quantified their contributions to UFP number concentration (N) in urban Dongguan of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Field campaigns were carried out in four seasons in 2019 to measure particle number concentration in the size range of 4.

Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair.

Tendons are associated with a high injury risk because of their overuse and age-related tissue degeneration. Thus, tendon injuries pose great clinical and economic challenges to the society. Unfortunately, the natural healing capacity of tendons is far from perfect, and they respond poorly to conventional treatments when injured.

Unexpected Performance Improvements of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone Sensors by Including Carbon Monoxide Sensor Signal.

Low-cost air quality (LCAQ) sensors are increasingly being used for community air quality monitoring. However, data collected by low-cost sensors contain significant noise, and proper calibration of these sensors remains a widely discussed, but not yet fully addressed, area of concern. In this study, several LCAQ sensors measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone (O) were deployed in six cities in the United States (Atlanta, GA; New York City, NY; Sacramento, CA; Riverside, CA; Portland, OR; Phoenix, AZ) to evaluate the impacts of different climatic and geographical conditions on their performance and calibration.

Fine particulate pollution driven by nitrate in the moisture urban atmospheric environment in the Pearl River Delta region of south China.

To identify potential sources of fine particles (PM, with aerodynamic diameter (D) ≤ 2.5 μm) in urban Dongguan of south China, a comprehensive campaign was carried out in the whole 2019. Hourly PM and its dominant chemical components including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and thirteen elements were measured using online instruments.

Global Research Trends in Tendon Stem Cells from 1991 to 2020: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study.

Background: Tendinopathy is a disabling musculoskeletal disorder affecting the athletics and general populations. There have been increased studies using stem cells in treating tendon diseases. The aim of this bibliometric and visualized study is to comprehensively investigate the current status and global trends of research in tendon stem cells.

A New Tool for Rapid Assessment of Acute Exercise-Induced Fatigue.

Background: There are limited sensitive evaluation methods to distinguish people's symptoms of peripheral fatigue and central fatigue simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate them after acute exercise with a simple and practical scale.

Methods: The initial scale was built through a literature review, experts and athlete population survey, and a small sample pre-survey.

3D-printing magnesium-polycaprolactone loaded with melatonin inhibits the development of osteosarcoma by regulating cell-in-cell structures.

Melatonin has been proposed as a potent anticarcinogen presents a short half-life for osteosarcoma (OS). Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures play a role in the development of malignant tumors by changing the tumor cell energy metabolism. This study developed a melatonin-loaded 3D printed magnesium-polycaprolactone (Mg-PCL) scaffold and investigated its effect and molecular mechanism on CIC in OS.

REUR: A unified deep framework for signet ring cell detection in low-resolution pathological images.

Detecting signet ring cells (SRCs) in pathological images is essential for carcinoma diagnosis. However, it is time consuming for pathologists to detect SRCs manually from pathological images, and the accuracy of detecting them is also relatively low because of their small sizes. Recently, the exploration of deep learning methods in pathology analysis has been widely investigated by researchers.

Selecting Classification Methods for Small Samples of Next-Generation Sequencing Data.

Next-generation sequencing has emerged as an essential technology for the quantitative analysis of gene expression. In medical research, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data are commonly used to identify which type of disease a patient has. Because of the discrete nature of RNA-seq data, the existing statistical methods that have been developed for microarray data cannot be directly applied to RNA-seq data.

Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Invasive and Hypervirulent Infections in a Teaching Hospital in China.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of invasive and hypervirulent (HvKP) in a teaching hospital in Southern China.

Patients And Methods: A total of 495 non-repetitive strains were isolated from Dongguan People's Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University in 2018. Multivariate analysis was performed using the patients' clinical data to identify the risk factors for HvKP.

Phase retrieval via reweighted Wirtinger flow.

Phase retrieval (PR) is a kind of ill-condition inverse problem which can be found in various applications. Based on the Wirtinger flow (WF) method, a reweighted Wirtinger flow (RWF) method is proposed to deal with the PR problem. In a nutshell, RWF searches the global optimum by solving a series of sub-PR problems with changing weights.