A rare adverse effect in inebilizumab therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case report.

Inebilizumab is one of the monoclonal antibodies approved as maintenance therapy for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). It is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19). Common adverse reactions include urinary tract infections, nasopharyngitis, arthralgia, infusion reactions, headaches and a decrease in immunoglobulin levels.

Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in patients with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate CMV and EBV infections in patients with NMOSD.

Methods: Serum immunoglobin (Ig) G antibodies against CMV and EBV were measured in patients with NMOSD and healthy controls (HCs), including anti-CMV, anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1), anti-EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA), and anti-EBV early antigen (EA) IgGs.

Integrating genetic and proteomic data to elucidate the association between immune system and blood-brain barrier dysfunction with multiple sclerosis risk and severity.

Background: Immune system dysfunction and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and severity. However, the causal relationships and potential therapeutic targets remain unclear.

Methods: Leveraging the MRC IEU OpenGWAS data infrastructure, we extracted 1254 peripheral immune systems and 792 BBB biomarkers as genetic instruments for exposure.

Causal effects of gut microbiota on multiple sclerosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Gut microbiota alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been reported in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is unclear.

Objective: We performed a Mendelian randomization study (MR) to assess the causal effects of gut microbiota on MS.

Methods: Independent genetic variants associated with 211 gut microbiota phenotypes were selected as instrumental variables from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) previously published by the MiBioGen study.

Peripheral GFAP and NfL as early biomarkers for dementia: longitudinal insights from the UK Biobank.

Background: Peripheral glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are sensitive markers of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Previous studies with highly selected participants have shown that peripheral GFAP and NfL levels are elevated in the pre-clinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. However, the predictive value of GFAP and NfL for dementia requires more evidence from population-based cohorts.

Correlation between severe attacks and serum aquaporin-4 antibody titer in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) specifically targets aquaporin 4 in approximately 80% of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) cases. NMOSD is presently categorized as anti-AQP4-antibody (Ab) positive or negative based on AQP4-Ab presence. The association between antibody titers and patient prognosis remains unclear.

MicroRNAs in spermatogenesis dysfunction and male infertility: clinical phenotypes, mechanisms and potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples worldwide who are attempting to conceive, with male infertility accounting for 50% of infertility cases. Male infertility is related to various factors such as hormone imbalance, urogenital diseases, environmental factors, and genetic factors. Owing to its relationship with genetic factors, male infertility cannot be diagnosed through routine examination in most cases, and is clinically called 'idiopathic male infertility.

Clinical features and prognosis of Tibetan patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are different from those of Han Chinese patients.

We compared the prognosis of Tibetan and Han Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at each attack, response to immunosuppressive therapy, risk of first relapse, severe attack, visual disability, motor disability, and total risk of disability were compared between Tibetan and Han Chinese patients. Tibetan patients showed higher EDSS during acute attacks.

Causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have suggested an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and cortical structure, but the results have been inconsistent.

Objective: We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal relationship between MS and cortical structure.

Methods: MS data as the exposure trait, including 14,498 cases and 24,091 controls, were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium.

Patterns of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks in different age groups and sexes depending on the status of immunosuppressive therapy: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Purpose: The association between onset age and sex with relapse risk in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains inconclusive. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with NMOSD in different age groups and sexes and to analyse relapse characteristics pre- and post-immunosuppressive therapy (IST).

Methods: Patients with NMOSD were retrospectively reviewed from our clinical centre's database.

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis: the prevalence and its association with clinical features.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) is an established biomarker in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), however, there are no nationwide data on CSF-OCB prevalence and its diagnostic performance in Chinese MS patients, especially in the virtue of common standard operation procedure (SOP).

Methods: With a consensus SOP and the same isoelectric focusing system, we conducted a nationwide multi-center study on OCB status in consecutively, and recruited 483 MS patients and 880 non-MS patients, including neuro-inflammatory diseases (NID, n = 595) and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND, n=285). Using a standardized case report form (CRF) to collect the clinical, radiological, immunological, and CSF data, we explored the association of CSF-OCB positivity with patient characters and the diagnostic performance of CSF-OCB in Chinese MS patients.

Association between COVID-19 and myasthenia gravis (MG): A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have suggested an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Here, we aimed to estimate the genetic correlation and causal relationship between COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and MG phenotypes using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods: Summary statistics of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity were used as instrumental variables for exposure traits.

COVID-19 and the risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: An increasing number of studies have elucidated a close nexus between COVID-19 phenotypes and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), yet the causality between them remains enigmatic.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employing summary data sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pertaining to COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and NMOSD. The primary MR analysis employed the Inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, which was supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods.

The effectiveness of teriflunomide in patients with multiple sclerosis in China: a real-world comparison to no DMT treatment in the first year after diagnosis.

Background: Teriflunomide is a first-line oral immunomodulatory agent approved in China for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To compare the treatment outcomes of teriflunomide and no disease-modifying therapy (DMT) treatment (in first year) in multi-center real-world Chinese multiple sclerosis patients.

Design: Retrospective study.

Initial BMI effects on clinical presentation and prognosis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Objective: To investigate the correlation among body mass index at onset, clinical features, and prognosis in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Method: This retrospective cohort studied patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from January 2015 to January 2022, grouping them by body mass index at onset. Demographics and clinical records were reviewed.

Immune Repertoire Profiling Reveals Its Clinical Application Potential and Triggers for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.

Background And Objectives: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is widely recognized as a CNS demyelinating disease associated with AQP4-IgG (T cell-dependent antibody), and its trigger is still unclear. In addition, although the treatment of NMOSD currently can rely on traditional immunosuppressive and modulating agents, effective methods to predict the efficacy of these therapeutics are lacking.

Methods: In this study, high-throughput T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed on peripheral blood from 151 pretreatment patients with AQP4-IgG NMOSD and 151 healthy individuals.

Case Report: Long segmental lesions of the spinal cord caused by exposure to xylene.

Xylene has the potential to cause nervous system disturbances since it is a lipophilic substance with high affinity for lipid-rich tissue, such as the brain. Involvement in the spinal cord, especially long segmental spinal cord lesions that permeate almost the entire cervical and thoracic spinal cord, is extremely rare. We report two cases of occupational exposure to excessive xylene, both of which presented with severe and rapidly progressive numbness and weakness in the limbs that, more importantly, led to poor outcomes: one died and the other was left severely disabled.

Visual disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: prognostic prediction models.

Background And Objectives: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by simultaneous or consecutive episodes of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Attacks of NMOSD can result in the accrual of severe visual disability over time. This study aimed to develop and validate prognostic models for visual disability risk within 1, 3, and 5 years.

Granzyme B + CD8 + T cells with terminal differentiated effector signature determine multiple sclerosis progression.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration with autoimmune responses in central nervous system. Patients begin with a relapsing-remitting (RR) course, and more than 80% of them may advance to secondary progressive MS (SPMS), which is characteristic for the gradual decline of neurological functions without demonstrated treating method to prevent. This study aims to investigate the contribution of peripheral CD8 + T cells during the conversion from RRMS to SPMS, as well as reveal potential diagnostic signature in distinguishing SPMS.

Investigation on marital status of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in China.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) may have a great impact on patients' marriage, and marital status may also affect patients' compliance and prognosis. We investigated the marital status of 494 NMOSD patients in China to explore the mutual influence between them.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by the online questionnaires or telephone follow-up.

Impact of swiping direction on the interaction performance of elderly-oriented smart home interface: EEG and eye-tracking evidence.

Introduction: Smart home technology is increasingly popular, yet not all seniors are receptive and comfortable with it. This situation recognizes that the usability of smart home interfaces is particularly important. Most studies on interface swiping direction demonstrate the advantages of horizontal over vertical swiping, but the findings lack age-based as well as gender-specific judgments.