Efficient Hydroxyapatite Extraction from Salmon Bone Waste: An Improved Lab-Scaled Physico-Chemico-Biological Process.

The demand for novel tissue grafting and regenerative wound care biomaterials is growing as traditional options often fall short in biocompatibility, functional integration with human tissue, associated cost(s), and sustainability. Salmon aquaculture generates significant volumes of waste, offering a sustainable opportunity for biomaterial production, particularly in osteo-conduction/-induction, and de novo clinical/surgical bone regeneration. Henceforth, this study explores re-purposing salmon waste through a standardized pre-treatment process that minimizes the biological content, followed by a treatment stage to remove proteins, lipids, and other compounds, resulting in a mineral-rich substrate.

NanoBubble-Mediated Oxygenation: Elucidating the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms in Hypoxia and Mitochondrial-Related Pathologies.

Worldwide, hypoxia-related conditions, including cancer, COVID-19, and neuro-degenerative diseases, often lead to multi-organ failure and significant mortality. Oxygen, crucial for cellular function, becomes scarce as levels drop below 10 mmHg (<2% O), triggering mitochondrial dysregulation and activating hypoxia-induced factors (HiFs). Herein, oxygen nanobubbles (OnB), an versatile oxygen delivery platform, offer a novel approach to address hypoxia-related pathologies.

Early Treatment of Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia in Adolescents: Preliminary Results.

Facial asymmetry associated with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a rare disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical conditions of progressive facial asymmetry in young subjects treated with high condylectomy. A retrospective study was performed including nine subjects diagnosed with UCH type 1B and progressive facial asymmetry around 12 years old with an upper canine progressing towards dental occlusion.

Bio-Inspired Muco-Adhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications.

Muco-adhesive drug delivery systems continue to be one of the most studied for controlled pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Briefly, muco-adhesive polymers, can be described as bio-polymers that adhere to the mucosal (mucus) surface layer, for an extended residency period of time at the site of application, by the help of interfacial forces resulting in improved drug delivery. When compared to traditional drug delivery systems, muco-adhesive carriers have the potential to enhance therapeutic performance and efficacy, locally and systematically, in oral, rectal, vaginal, amongst other routes.

Thermal Load and Heat Transfer in Dental Titanium Implants: An Ex Vivo-Based Exact Analytical/Numerical Solution to the 'Heat Equation'.

Introduction: Heat is a kinetic process whereby energy flows from between two systems, hot-to-cold objects. In oro-dental implantology, conductive heat transfer/(or thermal stress) is a complex physical phenomenon to analyze and consider in treatment planning. Hence, ample research has attempted to measure heat-production to avoid over-heating during bone-cutting and drilling for titanium (Ti) implant-site preparation and insertion, thereby preventing/minimizing early (as well as delayed) implant-related complications and failure.

Neuro-Muscular Dentistry: the "diamond" concept of electro-stimulation potential for stomato-gnathic and oro-dental conditions.

Oro-Pharyngeal Dysphagia - or simply dysphagia - is the difficulty (persistent) in swallowing/passing food and/or liquid from the mouth to the pharynx into the esophagus and finally the stomach; a deglutition disorder (a symptom, by definition, often due to neuro-degenerative/-muscular, drug-induced or localized structural pathologies such as head and neck tumors, lesions and associated surgical and/or radiation injuries) linked to severe consequences on Quality of Life (QoL), including malnutrition, dehydration, and even sudden death. Likewise, Temporo-Mandibular Jaw and Joint disorder(s) - or simply TMD - is a multifactorial etiological condition, regularly encountered in the dental office. Whether due to malocclusion, bruxism, stress and/or trauma, TMD destabilizes the whole cranio-mandibular system structurally and functionally, via affecting mastication, teeth, supporting structures, comfort and aesthetics, and thus, QoL, again.

Evidence-Based Clinical Efficacy of Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Maxillary Sinus Floor Lift, Graft and Surgical Augmentation Procedures.

Bone augmentation techniques have increasingly been indicated for re-creating adequate bone height and volume suitable for dental implant sites. This is particularly applicable in the severely atrophic posterior maxilla where sinus perforation (ruptured Schneiderian membrane) is a very common complication and sinus floor elevation or lift is frequently considered a standard procedure. The augmentation of the maxillary sinus can be performed with or without grafting biomaterials.

Morphological Analysis of the Human Maxillary Sinus Using Three-Dimensional Printing.

Background: The maxillary sinus (MS) is described as a pyramid-shaped cavity of the maxilla.

Aim: The aim of this research is to present a strategy for morphological analysis of the MS using three-dimensional (3D) printing acquired through cone-beam computed tomography images.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory, single-blind study was conducted, including 24 subjects.

Mathematical Modeling for Pharmaco-Kinetic and -Dynamic Predictions from Controlled Drug Release NanoSystems: A Comparative Parametric Study.

Predicting pharmacokinetics, based on the theory of dynamic systems, for an administered drug (whether intravenously, orally, intramuscularly, etc.), is an industrial and clinical challenge. Often, mathematical modeling of pharmacokinetics is preformed using only a measured concentration time profile of a drug administered in plasma and/or in blood.

Nonmotile Single-Cell Migration as a Random Walk in Nonuniformity: The "Extreme Dumping Limit" for Cell-to-Cell Communications.

In the present work, we model single-cell movement as a random walk in an external potential observed within the extreme dumping limit, which we define herein as the extreme nonuniform behavior observed for cell responses and cell-to-cell communications. Starting from the Newton-Langevin equation of motion, we solve the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation to compute higher moments of the displacement of the cell, and then we build certain quantities that can be measurable experimentally. We show that, each time, the dynamics depend on the external force applied, leading to predictions distinct from the standard results of a free Brownian particle.

Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching.

Purpose: Intracoronary bleaching is a minimally invasive, alternative treatment that addresses aesthetic concerns related to non-vital teeth discoloration. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have assessed the psychosocial impacts of such procedures on patients' aesthetic perceptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate aesthetic perceptions and the psychosocial impact of patients up to 3 months after their teeth had been bleached with hydrogen peroxide (35%) and carbamide peroxide (37%) using the walking bleach technique.

Graftless Maxillary Sinus Lift Using Lateral Window Approach: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The aim was to determine the survival rate of dental implants installed in the posterior region of the maxilla after a graftless maxillary sinus lift via the lateral window approach and to identify the factors involved in the results.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was done on MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Science Direct up to June 2016; additional studies were identified through an analysis of references. Primary studies in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French were included; the selection and data extraction process was conducted by 2 investigators independently, and the methodological quality was evaluated by means of the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool.

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan-hyaluronan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel: a proof-of-concept study in breast cancer cells.

Aim: To investigate the potential of modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for the delivery of paclitaxel (PAX).

Materials & Methods: SLN loaded with PAX were prepared via modified high-pressure hot homogenization. Formulation parameters were optimized to obtain a high-quality delivery system.

Surface functionalization of nanobiomaterials for application in stem cell culture, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Stem cell-based approaches offer great application potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine owing to their ability of sensing the microenvironment and respond accordingly (dynamic behavior). Recently, the combination of nanobiomaterials with stem cells has paved a great way for further exploration. Nanobiomaterials with engineered surfaces could mimic the native microenvironment to which the seeded stem cells could adhere and migrate.

Layer-by-layer assembly of liposomal nanoparticles with PEGylated polyelectrolytes enhances systemic delivery of multiple anticancer drugs.

Layer-by-layer (LbL)-engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising group of therapeutic carriers used in an increasing number of biomedical applications. The present study uses a controlled LbL process to create a multidrug-loaded nanoplatform capable of promoting blood circulation time, biodistribution profile and controlling drug release in the dynamic systemic environment. LbL assembly is achieved by sequential deposition of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-aspartic acid) (PEG-b-PLD) on liposomal nanoparticles (LbL-LNPs).

Biocompatibility and safety of a hybrid core-shell nanoparticulate OP-1 delivery system intramuscularly administered in rats.

A hybrid, localized and release-controlled delivery system for bone growth factors consisting of a liposomal core incorporated into a shell of alternating layer-by-layer self-assembled natural polyelectrolytes has been formulated. Hydrophilic, monodisperse, spherical and stable cationic nanoparticles (< or =350 nm) with an extended shelf-life resulted. Cytocompatibility was previously assayed with MC3T3-E1.

A hybrid rhOP-1 delivery system enhances new bone regeneration and consolidation in a rabbit model of distraction osteogenesis.

The effect of an early single injection of biodegradable core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with various low doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7/rhOP-1) on new bone regeneration and consolidation in a rabbit model of tibial distraction osteogenesis (DO) was investigated. The Regenerate bone was examined using soft radiography, densitometry, micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Compared to control, higher bone fill scores and a two- to three-fold increase in the quantity of mineralized tissue were prominent in the 1.

Delivery of recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins for bone regeneration and repair. Part B: Delivery systems for BMPs in orthopaedic and craniofacial tissue engineering.

Localized and release-controlled delivery systems for the sustained expression of the biologic potency of rhBMPs are essential. A substantial number of biomaterials have been investigated thus far. Most fail after implantation or administration mainly due to either being too soft, difficult to control and/or stabilize mechanically.

Delivery of recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins for bone regeneration and repair. Part A: Current challenges in BMP delivery.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have been extensively investigated for developing therapeutic strategies aimed at the restoration and treatment of orthopaedic as well as craniofacial conditions. In this first part of the review, we discuss the rationale for the necessary use of carrier systems to deliver rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 to sites of bone tissue regeneration and repair. General requirements for growth factor delivery systems emphasizing the distinction between localized and release-controlled delivery strategies are presented highlighting the current limitations in the development of an effective rhBMP delivery system applicable in clinical bone tissue engineering.

Modulated release of OP-1 and enhanced preosteoblast differentiation using a core-shell nanoparticulate system.

A release-controlled OP-1 delivery system consisting of a suspension of core-shell nanoparticles was prepared. The nanoparticles were composed of a core of positively-charged large unilamellar liposomes and a shell constructed through the L-b-L assembly of alternating layers of negatively-charged sodium alginate and positively-charged chitosan. Cytotoxicity was assayed with MC3T3-E1.

Protein release kinetics for core-shell hybrid nanoparticles based on the layer-by-layer assembly of alginate and chitosan on liposomes.

The present work is focused on the formulation of core-shell nanoparticles via the layer-by-layer (L-b-L) self-assembly technique for delivery of biomacromolecules such as bone growth factors. The drug encapsulation efficiency of liposomes is enhanced with the increased stability of polyelectrolyte systems achieved through the alternate adsorption of several layers of natural polymers: anionic alginate and cationic chitosan on cationic nanosized phospholipid vesicles. The resulting particles were characterized for their size, surface charge, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and release kinetics over an extended period of 30 days.