Intraoperative Fluorescein Sodium Videoangiography in Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery.

Objective: Fluorescein sodium (FNa) videoangiography (VA) was performed to evaluate blood flow within vessels and exclusion of the aneurysm after surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of this study was to report results of FNa-VA in a case series, including benefits and limitations of the technique, and compare intraoperative findings with postoperative cerebral angiography to assess reliability of FNa-VA.

Methods: The study included 64 aneurysms in 50 consecutive patients.

Transcranial superior orbitotomy for the treatment of intraorbital intraconal tumors: surgical technique and long-term results in single institute.

In this article, the authors are presenting their experience and the results with the surgical treatment of intraorbital intraconal tumors based on a review of 33 constitutive cases. Our data were evaluated in comparison to other major series, and possible factors that might influence surgical outcome and survival are discussed. Thirty-three patients diagnosed with intraorbital intraconal tumors between 1998 and 2009 were treated by transcranial approach.

Primary fourth ventricular meningioma: case report and review of the literature.

Primary fourth ventricle meningiomas are extremely rare, and they are defined as meningiomas arising from the choroid plexus and lying strictly within the fourth ventricle. In this report we present a 61-year-old man with progressive worsening vertigo and gait disturbance, and new onset of diplopia. Neurological examination revealed bilateral abducens nerve paralysis, horizontal nystagmus, and gait disturbance with truncal ataxia.

Lateral sublabial endoscopic approach to foramen ovale: a novel endoscopic technique to access infratemporal fossa.

Objective: Our aim was to define a novel endoscopic approach to selectively access the foramen ovale through the lateral sublabial route.

Methods: Lateral sublabial endoscopic approach to the foramen ovale was studied in 3 fresh cadavers. A 2.

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar parachiasmatic cisterns: anatomic study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to recognize the available endoscopic routes during approaches to the suprasellar region and the surgical endoscopic anatomy of the related neurovascular structures.

Material And Methods: Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar region (EEASR) through the planum sphenoidale was performed in five fresh adult cadavers. The anatomic characteristics of the suprasellar parachiasmatic cisterns were studied and documented following the resection of the planum sphenoidale and opening the dura to expose the anterior incisural space.

Endoscopic endonasal anatomy and approaches to the anterior skull base: a neurosurgeon's viewpoint.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to review the endoscopic anatomy of the anterior skull base, defining the pitfalls of endoscopic endonasal approaches to this region. Recently, these approaches are gaining popularity among neurosurgeons, and the details of the endoscopic anatomy and approaches are highlighted from the neurosurgeons' point of view, correlated with demonstrative cases.

Materials And Methods: Twelve fresh adult cadavers were studied (n = 12).

Endoscopic anatomy and approaches of the cavernous sinus: cadaver study.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the cavernous sinus and to understand the standard, purely endoscopic endonasal approaches to this anatomic structure. This basic information will facilitate our surgical procedures and decrease the rate of surgical complications.

Materials And Methods: Seven fresh adult cadavers were studied bilaterally (n = 14).

Pneumatization degree of the anterior clinoid process: a new classification.

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and degree of anterior clinoid process pneumatization, in addition highlighting to their clinical significance. Multidetector-row CT scans of the skull base were reviewed in 648 subjects between 2007 and 2008. The presence of pneumatized anterior clinoid process and its degree were studied and documented.

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the clival region.

Objective: The objective of this study was to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the clival region of the skull base and its neurovascular relations, which will make us able to perform safer and minimal invasive endoscopic approaches to this region with lower rate of complications.

Materials And Methods: Six fresh cadavers were studied (n = 5). We approached the clivus by performing binostril extended endoscopic endonasal approach.

Endoscopic anatomy of the oculomotor nerve: defining the blind spot during endoscopic skull base surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study is to define the endoscopic anatomy of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and its neurovascular relations in order to facilitate surgical procedures and avoid injury to this nerve during endoscopic endonasal approach to the skull base.

Materials And Methods: Endoscopic anatomy of the cavernous sinus was studied in seven fresh adult cadavers bilaterally and the basal cisterns in five fresh adult cadavers. Extended endoscopic endonasal suprasellar approach was performed to expose the oculomotor nerve in the interpeduncular cistern and the endoscopic endonasal transethmoidopterygoidosphenoidal approach to expose the oculomotor nerve within the cavernous sinus.

Endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex and medial orbital wall: anatomic study and clinical applications.

Objective: The objective of this study was to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the orbital apex and medial orbital wall to understand the pure endoscopic endonasal approaches to this region and their clinical applications. These basic information will facilitate our surgical procedures and decrease the rate of surgical complications.

Material And Methods: Five fresh adult cadavers were studied bilaterally (N = 10).

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the anterior cranio-vertebral junction: anatomic study.

Objective: Our aim in this study was to identify the endoscopic anatomy of the anterior cranio-vertebral junction to be able to perform minimal invasive endoscopic surgical procedures to this region (such as dens resection) safely with better postoperative performance of the patients.

Material And Methods: Five fresh adult cadavers were studied (n=5). We used Karl Storz 0 and 30 degree, 4mm, 18 cm and 30 cm rod lens rigid endoscope in our dissections.

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region: results of endoscopic dissection on 30 cadavers.

Aim: To recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the surgical corridor along the nasal cavity, sphenoidal sinus and the sellar area to delineate the pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) to the region of the pituitary gland.

Material And Methods: The endoscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus and the sellar region was studied in 30 fresh cadavers (mean age 42.1 / range 18-66) and dissections were performed in a stepwise manner to simulate EETSA to the sellar region.

The effects of systemic and intratumoral interleukin-12 treatment in C6 rat glioma model.

Objective: Cytokine based immunotherapy has long been an exciting field for many investigators aiming to provide an effective alternative treatment modality for glioma management. Among these cytokines, interleukin-12 (IL-72) plays a crucial role in mediating inflammatory and antitumoral activity on the host defence. We have investigated the therapeutic role of systemic and local delivery of IL-12 in C6 rat glioma model and compared these two modalities.

Cervical intradural ventral arachnoid cyst resected via anterior corpectomy with reconstruction: a case report.

Unlabelled: Intradural arachnoid cysts are rare lesions that frequently arise posterior to the spinal cord in the thoracic spine region. Those located at the cervical spine level, anterior to the spinal cord are even rarer. The usual treatment of symptomatic intradural spinal cysts involves surgical removal through a posterior approach using a laminectomy or laminotomy.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in glial tumors: correlation with malignancy and tumor proliferation.

Introduction: Increased vascular permeability, vasodilatation, neovascularization and free radical injury in malignant tumors and adjacent normal tissues are believed to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO). High levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) have been demonstrated in cultured and intracerebral cells. Our aim was to investigate nNOS expression in human glial tumors and to assess its correlation with the histologic grade and proliferative potential.

Middle fossa approach: microsurgical anatomy and surgical technique from the neurosurgical perspective.

Background: The purpose of this study was to call attention to the subtemporal approach directed through the petrous apex to the IAM. We studied the microsurgical anatomy of the middle floor to delineate a reliable angle between the GSPN and the IAM to precisely localize and expose the IAM from above. A new technique for the elevation of middle fossa floor in an anterior-to-posterior direction has also been examined in cadaveric dissections and performed in surgery.

Cervical intradural lipoma with associated hemivertebra formation at C6 level: a case report.

Unlabelled: INTRODUCTION AND CASE DESCRIPTION: Intramedullary lipomas are rare tumours of the spinal cord and account for about 1% of all spinal neoplasms. These lesions can occur anywhere along the length of spinal cord, but are frequently localized to the lower thoracic and lumbosacral levels. The authors present a 18-year-old female with intractable shoulder and neck pain and progressive weakness in the upper extremities, harbouring a cervical intradural lipoma with intramedullary extension, along with concomitant scoliosis.

Bypass to the intracranial giant or large internal carotid artery aneurysms: superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass re-visited.

Objective: Hunterian ligation of the internal carotid artery is an acceptable treatment modality for inoperable intracranial carotid aneurysms. Despite the risk of thrombo-embolic complications, ligation together with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery is vital in some patients. Our aim is to present our experience in five patients in whom STA-MCA bypass and balloon occlusion were performed due to inoperable intracranial carotid artery aneurysms.

Late decompression in patients with acute facial nerve paralysis after temporal bone fracture.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to address the management of acute facial nerve paralysis after temporal bone fracture and the outcomes of late decompression.

Methods: The study design was a retrospective review of eight patients who underwent late decompression of acute facial nerve paralysis due to temporal bone fracture involving the geniculate region. Pre-operative electrophysiological testing showed total degeneration of the facial nerve in all patients.

Microsurgical anatomy of the superior petrosal venous complex: new classifications and implications for subtemporal transtentorial and retrosigmoid suprameatal approaches.

Object: The purpose of this study was to define the patterns of drainage of the superior petrosal venous complex (SPVC) along the petrous ridge in relation to the Meckel cave and internal acoustic meatus (IAM) and to delineate its effect on the surgical exposures obtained in subtemporal transtentorial and retrosigmoid suprameatal approaches.

Methods: The patterns of drainage of the SPVC along the petrous ridge were characterized according to their relation to the Meckel cave and the IAM based on an examination of 30 hemispheres. Subtemporal transtentorial and retrosigmoid suprameatal approaches were performed in three additional cadavers to demonstrate the effect of the drainage pattern on the surgical exposures.

Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses as a cause of acquired orbital hypertelorism: the second case.

Background: Orbital hypertelorism is defined as a lateralization of the total orbit. This condition is associated almost always with congenital abnormalities. An acquired total displacement of the orbit is almost impossible once the bony pillars of the craniofacial complex are established.

Oculomotor nerve schwannoma located in the oculomotor cistern.

Background: OSs are extremely rare tumors, most often located in the interpeduncular cistern or the CS. We report an OS located predominantly within the oculomotor cistern, the arachnoid sac that surrounds the nerve for a short distance in the roof of the CS. We discuss a possible growth pattern for cavernous OSs.

Painful traumatic neuroma after a finger stick.

In this case report we present a patient with a painful traumatic neuroma after a finger stick by lancet. The patient benefited from surgical excision of the lesion, and her symptoms were completely abolished with additional sympathetic nerve blocks.

An unusual presentation of Nelson's syndrome with apoplexy and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A thirty-eight year-old lady with a history of bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease seven years previously, presented with sudden onset of severe headache, nausea, vomiting and loss of consciousness. She was somnolent and confused. She had neck stiffness, sixth nerve palsy and mydriasis on the left side.