[Construction and Validation of A Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Ferroptosis-related Genes].

Background: Ferroptosis-related genes play a crucial role in regulating intracellular iron homeostasis and lipid peroxidation, and they are involved in the regulation of tumor growth and drug resistance. The expression of ferroptosis-related genes in tumor tissues can be used to predict patients' future survival times, aiding doctors and patients in anticipating disease progression. Based on the sequencing data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, this study identified genes involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, constructed a prognostic model, and evaluated the predictive performance of the model.

Quantum Algorithms and Applications for Open Quantum Systems.

Accurate models for open quantum systems─quantum states that have nontrivial interactions with their environment─may aid in the advancement of a diverse array of fields, including quantum computation, informatics, and the prediction of static and dynamic molecular properties. In recent years, quantum algorithms have been leveraged for the computation of open quantum systems as the predicted quantum advantage of quantum devices over classical ones may allow previously inaccessible applications. Accomplishing this goal will require input and expertise from different research perspectives, as well as the training of a diverse quantum workforce, making a compilation of current quantum methods for treating open quantum systems both useful and timely.

Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies ITGA8 responsible for abivertinib sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma.

The emergence of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has improved the prognosis for lung cancer patients with EGFR-driven mutations. However, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs poses a significant challenge to the treatment. Overcoming the resistance has primarily focused on developing next-generation targeted therapies based on the molecular mechanisms of resistance or inhibiting the activation of bypass pathways to suppress or reverse the resistance.

Machine Learning to Detect Cervical Spine Fractures Missed by Radiologists on CT: Analysis Using Seven Award-Winning Models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture AI Challenge.

Available data on radiologists' missed cervical spine fractures are based primarily on studies using human reviewers to identify errors on re-evaluation; such studies do not capture the full extent of missed fractures. To use machine-learning (ML) models to identify cervical spine fractures on CT missed by interpreting radiologists, characterize the nature of these fractures, and assess their clinical significance. This retrospective study included all cervical spine CT examinations performed in adult patients in the emergency department between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022.

Unravelling the prognostic and operative role of intratumoural microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer: Insights from 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing.

Background: Complex interrelationships between the microbiota and cancer have been identified by several studies. However, despite delineating microbial composition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), key pathogenic microbiota and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We performed 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon and transcriptome sequencing on cancerous and adjacent normal tissue samples from 30 patients with NSCLC, from which clinical characteristics and prognosis outcomes were collected.

Parafrigoribacterium soli sp. nov. and Parafrigoribacterium humi sp. nov., two novel siderophore-synthesizing species isolated from black soil.

Two siderophore-synthesizing species SYSU BS000078 and SYSU BS000231 were isolated from the black soil collected from fields located in Heilongjiang province, China. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these two strains showed the highest sequence similarity to Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311 (98.61 % and 98.

Efficient oxidative remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil: A thorough comprehension of Fe-loaded biochar activated persulfate.

The porous and defective structure of biochar (BC) can accelerate surface electron transfer, promote the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS) by persulfate (PS), and effectively degrade organic pollutants in the soil. Electron transfer is a crucial link in this process, directly determining its oxidative degradation efficiency. In this study, using a novel strategy of enhancing electron transfer on the surface of BC by loading iron, three Fe-loaded BC activators (Fe-FeO@BC, FeO@BC and FeO@BC) were synthesized to support the oxidative remediation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP, Model compound of PAHs)-contaminated soil by PS.

RSNA 2023 Abdominal Trauma AI Challenge: Review and Outcomes.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of the winning machine learning models from the 2023 RSNA Abdominal Trauma Detection AI Challenge. Materials and Methods The competition was hosted on Kaggle and took place between July 26 and October 15, 2023. The multicenter competition dataset consisted of 4274 abdominal trauma CT scans, in which solid organs (liver, spleen, and kidneys) were annotated as healthy, low-grade, or high-grade injury.

Assessing the Performance of Models from the 2022 RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture Detection Competition at a Level I Trauma Center.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of the top models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge on a clinical test dataset of both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired at a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods Seven top-performing models in the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge were retrospectively evaluated on a clinical test set of 1828 CT scans (from 1829 series: 130 positive for fracture, 1699 negative for fracture; 1308 noncontrast, 521 contrast enhanced) from 1779 patients (mean age, 55.8 years ± 22.

Galactosylation of glycoconjugates using Pacific oyster β-1,3-galactosyltransferases.

The Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) exhibits an extensive diversity of N- and O-linked glycoconjugates, offering significant potential for biotechnological applications. Through genomic data mining, we have identified and characterized a suite of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzymes, pivotal for the synthesis of glycan structures. Out of ten cloned gene candidates, six enzymes were successfully expressed recombinantly in Escherichia coli.

New Exploration of Single-Incision Plus Two Ports Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy Based on the Principle of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery.

Despite single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) being a standard procedure, its main shortcomings include narrow operating space and instrument collisions. Although the proposal of single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic surgery (SILS + 1) reduces the operational difficulty, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) involves complex digestive tract resection and anastomosis. To reduce the number of incisions while ensuring the quality of LPD, we propose a single-incision plus two ports LPD (SILPD + 2) procedure wherein a surgeon uses two trocars with a traditional layout while the assistant and scope assistant conduct subumbilical incision.

Enzymatic synthesis of -formylated sialosides a five-enzyme cascade.

Here we report an enzymatic approach to synthesize -formylneuraminic acid (Neu5Fo) containing sialosides, through a five-enzyme cascade. This method stands as an alternative to traditional chemical syntheses, aiming for precision and efficiency in generating sialosides with a tailored -formyl group generated directly from formic acid. The newly synthesized Neu5Fo was characterized using various NMR techniques revealing a conformational equilibrium at the amide bond of the formyl group in slow exchange on the NMR time scale with a  :  ratio of ∼2 : 1.

Engineered in vivo and in vitro tumor model recapitulates vasculogenic mimicry signatures in melanoma.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes a process by which tumor cells formed a novel microcirculation pattern in an endothelial cell-free manner. Clinically, VM is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor patient survival. However, the current models for investigating VM include 2D monolayer cultures, Matrigel-based cultures, and animal models, each of which has limitations.

Feasibility of microwave remediation of simulative crude oil-contaminated soil assisted by bluecoke-based modifiers.

Microwave (MW) remediation of organics-contaminated soil technology offers the advantages of high efficiency and minimal damage, representing a new approach of soil thermal remediation. However, soil, being a weak MW-absorbing medium, struggles to convert MW energy into thermal energy, thus failing to attain the necessary temperature for thermal remediation. This paper prepared two new bluecoke (BC)-based modifiers (KHCO@BC and KHCO/MnO@BC) to address temperature problem of MW remediation, as well as enhance soil quality.

PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with distant metastasis: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with distant metastasis in the real world are as effective and safe as in clinical trials.

Patients And Methods: From July 2019 to July 2023, a total of 422 patients with distant metastasis of ESCC were included and divided into the PD-1 inhibitor combined chemotherapy group (PC group) and the chemotherapy alone group (C group) according to the treatment regimen. There were 278 patients in the PC group and 144 patients in the C group.

Jiangu formula: A novel osteoclast-osteoblast coupling agent for effective osteoporosis treatment.

Background: The discovering of an osteoclast (OC) coupling active agent, capable of suppressing OC-mediated bone resorption while concurrently stimulating osteoblast (OB)-mediated bone formation, presents a promising strategy to overcome limitations associated with existing antiresorptive agents. However, there is a lack of research on active OC coupling agents.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the potential of Jiangu Formula (JGF) in inhibiting OCs while maintaining the OCOB coupling function.

Neutrophil infiltration associated genes on the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma.

The neutrophils exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects in cancers. The correlation between neutrophils and tumor development in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still uncertain, possibly due to a lack of specific neutrophil infiltration evaluation methods. In this study, we identified 30 hub genes that were significantly associated with neutrophil infiltration in LUAD through data mining, survival analysis, and multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) analysis, including TIMER, CIBERSORT, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, and MCPCOUNTER.

Exosomes: New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 30~150 nm (averaging ~100 nm) that are primarily produced through the endosomal pathway, and carry various components such as lipids, proteins, RNA, and other small molecular substances. Exosomes can mediate intercellular communication through the bioactive substances they carry, thus participating in different physiological activities. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disease caused by disturbances in the body's metabolism, mainly including insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis (AS).

[Research Advances of RAD51AP1 in Tumor Progression and Drug Resistance].

The genomic instability may lead to an initiation of cancer in many organisms. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is vital in maintaining cellular genomic stability. RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1), which plays a crucial role in HRR and primarily participates in forming D-loop, was reported as an essential protein for maintaining cellular genomic stability.

Efficacy and safety of sintilimab combined with apatinib as third-line or above therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of sintilimab and apatinib for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. This retrospective study analyzed data from 34 patients who had advanced or metastatic GC/GEJ cancer and received the combination therapy of sintilimab and apatinib as a third-line or above treatment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Mapping Molecular Hamiltonians into Hamiltonians of Modular cQED Processors.

We introduce a general method based on the operators of the Dyson-Masleev transformation to map the Hamiltonian of an arbitrary model system into the Hamiltonian of a circuit Quantum Electrodynamics (cQED) processor. Furthermore, we introduce a modular approach to programming a cQED processor with components corresponding to the mapping Hamiltonian. The method is illustrated as applied to quantum dynamics simulations of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex and the spin-boson model of charge transfer.