Dynamic evolution of metal-nitrogen-codoped carbon catalysts in electrocatalytic reactions.

Atomic metal-nitrogen-codoped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts are highly efficient for various electrocatalytic reactions because of their high atomic utilization efficiency. However, the high surface energy of M-N-C catalysts often results in stability issues in electrochemical reactions. Therefore, understanding the stability and dynamic evolution of M-N-C catalysts is crucial for elucidating the active centers and the composition/structure-activity relationship.

Structural changes of wheat starch and activity inhibition of α-glucosidase by persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) leaves extract retarding starch digestibility.

Elevated blood sugar levels caused by starch digestion was a target for controlling diabetes mellitus. The in vitro and in vivo digestibility of wheat starch was evaluated to find that adding 15 % persimmon leaf extract (PLE) to starch reduced its digestibility by 69.50 % and the peak postprandial blood glucose by 23.

Actively Expressed Intergenic Genes Generated by Transposable Element Insertions in Cotton.

The genomes and annotated genes of allotetraploid cotton have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the expression, regulation, and evolution of intergenic genes (ITGs) have not been completely deciphered. In this study, we identified a novel set of actively expressed ITGs in cotton, through transcriptome profiling based on deep sequencing data, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) of histone modifications and how the ITGs evolved.

Diverse animal models for infections: unraveling pathogenesis through the genital and gastrointestinal tracts.

is responsible for infections in various mucosal tissues, including the eyes, urogenital, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts. Chronic infections can result in severe consequences such as blindness, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The underlying mechanisms leading to these diseases involve sustained inflammatory responses, yet thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive.

Immature persimmon residue as a novel biosorbent for efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from wastewater: Performance and mechanisms.

Owing to the powerful affinity of tannin toward heavy metal ions, it is frequently immobilized on adsorbents to enhance their adsorption properties. However, natural adsorbents containing tannin have been overlooked owing to its water solubility. Herein, a novel natural adsorbent based on the immature persimmon residue (IPR) with soluble tannin removed was fabricated to eliminate Pb(II) and Cr(VI) in aquatic environments.

Governing cross-border healthcare in mainland China: a scoping review of national policies from 2002 to 2022.

This study reviews national-level policies regulating cross-border healthcare in mainland China after it acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Policy documents from official websites of the State Council and 19 ministries were screened, from which 487 policy documents were analyzed. WTO's five modes of trade and WHO's six building blocks of healthcare system were used to guide the analysis of policymaking patterns, charting of policy evolution process, identification of key policy areas, differentiation of 29 detailed policy themes, and identification of major countries/regions involved in cross-border healthcare.

Hypoglycemic activity of immature persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) extracts and its inhibition mechanism for α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

Persimmon tannins, particularly in immature persimmons, haven't yet received corresponding attention to research on therapy of diabetes mellitus in spite of high hypoglycemic activity. To accurately screening key hypoglycemic components, immature persimmon extracts were isolated and identified using enzyme affinity ultrafiltration and HRLC-ESI-MS/MS. Among them, Hederagenin (IC = 0.

Investigation of Poly(MM-EM-BM) as Nanosealing Materials in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids: Synthesis and Evaluation.

Nanosealing technology has become the key to overcoming the wellbore instability problem in deep and ultradeep shale formations. In this Article, the terpolymer poly(MM-EM-BM) was synthesized from methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate by a Michael addition reaction. The poly(MM-EM-BM) nanoparticles were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser scattering analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis.

Synthesis of the Oil-Based Nanoblocker Poly(MMA-BMA-BA-St) and the Study of the Blocking Mechanism.

Well wall instability is one of the problems that seriously affect the efficiency of oil and gas drilling and extraction, and the economic losses caused by accidents due to well wall instability amount to billions of dollars every year. Aiming at the fact that well wall stabilization is the current technical difficulty of drilling shale gas horizontal wells with oil-based drilling fluids, the oil-based nanoplugging agent poly(MMA-BMA-BA-St) was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction with compounds such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate as raw materials. The structure and characteristics of the oil-based nanoblocker poly(MMA-BMA-BA-St) were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and thermal weight loss analysis.

Partial substitution of manure reduces nitrous oxide emission with maintained yield in a winter wheat crop.

Conventional fertilization of agricultural soils results in increased NO emissions. As an alternative, the partial substitution of organic fertilizer may help to regulate NO emissions. However, studies assessing the effects of partial substitution of organic fertilizer on both NO emissions and yield stability are currently limited.

Evaluation of carbon mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in different soil aggregates and moisture regimes: A 21-year tillage experiment.

Characterizing soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and its temperature sensitivity (Q) under different soil moisture in tillage systems is crucial for determining global carbon balance under climate warming and increasing precipitation. Aggregate protection can potentially govern SOC mineralization and its Q. However, how tillage and aggregate sizes affect SOC mineralization and its Q, especially under varying soil moisture, remains unclear.

Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth system feedbacks.

Despite tectonic conditions and atmospheric CO levels (pCO) similar to those of present-day, geological reconstructions from the mid-Pliocene (3.3-3.0 Ma) document high lake levels in the Sahel and mesic conditions in subtropical Eurasia, suggesting drastic reorganizations of subtropical terrestrial hydroclimate during this interval.

Phosphorus deficiency induces root proliferation and Cd absorption but inhibits Cd tolerance and Cd translocation in roots of Populus × euramericana.

To disclose how phosphorus deficiency influence phytoremediation of Cd contamination using poplars, root architecture, Cd absorption, Cd translocation and antioxidant defense in poplar roots were investigated using a clone of Populus × euramericana. Root growth was unaltered by Cd exposure regardless of P conditions, while the degree of root proliferation upon P deficiency was changed by high level of Cd exposure. The concentration and content of Cd accumulation in roots were increased by P deficiency.

Phosphorus influence Cd phytoextraction in Populus stems via modulating xylem development, cell wall Cd storage and antioxidant defense.

The soils in mining lands with cadmium (Cd) contamination usually are deficient in nutrients. Disclosing how P nutrition and N:P stoichiometric ratio influences Cd accumulation and stress tolerance in stems of Populus spp. will facilitate the phytoremediation of mining sites polluted by Cd.

Lycopene protects against atrazine-induced hepatotoxicity through modifications of cytochrome P450 enzyme system in microsomes.

Atrazine (ATR) is primarily distributed in liver and hazardous to animal health. Cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP450s) is responsible for the biotransformation of toxic substances. Lycopene (LYC) prevents the herbicide-induced toxicity.