The Gene Family in Tomato: Identification, Phylogeny, and Functional Characterization.

Background: Phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids that play vital roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses.

Methods: This study identified and analyzed genes through bioinformatics and further explored the function of genes under cold stress through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.

Results: This study systematically characterized the gene family in tomato, identifying 80 genes distributed across 12 chromosomes.

Boosted Solar Water Splitting over Direct S-Scheme Sulfur-Deficient ZnInS/1D TiO Nanoarrays.

The construction of the S-scheme defect-engineered heterojunction (S-DEH) has been regarded as a rising promise to acquire operative carrier separation and electron transport in hybrid nanocatalysts, providing an inspired access to accomplish efficient solar-fuel production and realize eco-friendly energy evolution. Herein, visible-light-responsive sulfur-deficient ZnInS quantum dots/TiO nanoarrays (TAs/S-ZIS) were fabricated for promoting photocatalytic water splitting (TAs and S-ZIS stand for TiO nanoarrays and sulfur-vacancy ZnInS quantum dots, respectively). The experimental results indicated that the matched band gap, interfacial chemical bond introduced by defect engineering, and built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface drive the construction of the direct S-DEH system.

RMKD: Relaxed matching knowledge distillation for short-length SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces.

Accurate decoding of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the shortest possible time is essential for the realization of a high-performance brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). However, the degradation of decoding performance of short-length EEG signals is often unavoidable due to the reduced information, which hinders the development of BCI systems in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a relaxed matching knowledge distillation (RMKD) method to transfer both feature-level and logit-level knowledge in a relaxed manner to improve the decoding performance of short-length EEG signals.

Arabidopsis PLANT U-BOX44 down-regulates osmotic stress signaling by mediating Ca2+-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE4 degradation.

Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are essential regulators of plant responses to diverse environmental stressors, including osmotic stress. CPKs are activated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels triggered by osmotic stress. However, how the levels of active CPK protein are dynamically and precisely regulated has yet to be determined.

Abscisic acid-induced degradation of guanine nucleotide exchange factor requires calcium-dependent protein kinases.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays essential roles in plant development and responses to environmental stress. ABA induces subcellular translocation and degradation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RopGEF1, thus facilitating ABA core signal transduction. However, the underlying mechanisms for ABA-triggered RopGEF1 trafficking/degradation remain unknown.

SnapShot: Abscisic Acid Signaling.

Abscisic acid is a key phytohormone produced in response to abiotic stress conditions and is an activator of abiotic stress resistance mechanisms and a regulator during diverse developmental stages in plants. This SnapShot explores how ABA signaling operates and coordinates resistance during stress responses and modulates plant development.

An ABA-increased interaction of the PYL6 ABA receptor with MYC2 Transcription Factor: A putative link of ABA and JA signaling.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that mediates abiotic stress tolerance and regulates growth and development. ABA binds to members of the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family that initiate signal transduction inhibiting type 2C protein phosphatases. Although crosstalk between ABA and the hormone Jasmonic Acid (JA) has been shown, the molecular entities that mediate this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated.

ROPGEF1 and ROPGEF4 are functional regulators of ROP11 GTPase in ABA-mediated stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.

ROPs constitute a family of plant-specific, RHO-like small GTPases that serve as molecular switches in a wide range of signaling pathways. The activities of ROPs are regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). ROP11, a member of the ROP GTPase family in Arabidopsis, is a negative regulator of multiple ABA responses.

ROP11 GTPase negatively regulates ABA signaling by protecting ABI1 phosphatase activity from inhibition by the ABA receptor RCAR1/PYL9 in Arabidopsis.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes in plants, such as seed germination, seedling growth, and abiotic stress tolerance. In recent years, a minimal set of core components of a major ABA signaling pathway has been discovered. These components include a RCAR/PYR/PYL family of ABA receptors, a group of PP2C phosphatases, and three SnRK2 kinases.

ROP11 GTPase is a negative regulator of multiple ABA responses in Arabidopsis.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in plant development and plant responses to environmental stresses. Although ABA receptors and a minimal set of core molecular components have recently been discovered, understanding of the ABA signaling pathway is still far from complete. In this work, we characterized the function of ROP11, a member of the plant-specific ROP small GTPases family, in the ABA signaling process.