Research on High-Precision and Wide-Range Spacecraft Potential Measurement Method Based on Capacitive Voltage Division.

The charging and discharging of satellite surfaces induced by the space plasma environment constitute a primary cause of spacecraft anomalies, particularly in geosynchronous orbits subject to geomagnetic substorms and hot plasma injections from the magnetotail, where satellites are prone to unequal high-potential charging, significantly impacting the safe and reliable operation of spacecraft. Addressing the need for measuring these unequal charge states, a high-precision, wide-range spacecraft potential measurement method based on capacitive voltage division was investigated. This study analyzed the mechanism of potential measurement and the factors contributing to errors during the measurement process, explored optimal design methodologies, and innovatively developed a fundamental charge zeroing method to resolve output drift issues caused by accumulated errors fundamentally.

Estrogen receptors mediate the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise: A possible new mechanism.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether aerobic exercise exerts mood-modulating effects through an estrogen signaling mechanism.

Method: The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part is to compare the three modeling methods to obtain the most obvious method of depression-like phenotype for further study in the second part.

Melt Blending Modification of Commercial Polystyrene with Its Half Critical Molecular Weight, High Ion Content Ionomer, Poly(styrene--cinnamic Acid) Zn Salt, toward Heat Resistance Improvement.

Correspondence: cgwu@mail [...

Poly(styrene--cinnamic acid) (SCA), an approach to modified polystyrene with enhanced impact toughness, heat resistance and melt strength.

A poly(styrene--cinnamic acid) (SCA) containing 6.8 mol% of CA, with a (∼217 000) comparable to commercial polystyrene (PS), was successfully synthesised emulsion free-radical copolymerisation as evidenced by 1744 and 1703 cm infrared peak occurrences, respectively characteristic of free and dimeric carboxyl C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretches. Upon the interchain hydrogen bond cross-linking by CA, the impact toughness of the SCA was considerably improved by 47.

Inside the Ionic Aggregates Constrained by Covalently Attached Polymer Chain Segments: Order or Disorder?

When a small-molecule ionic crystal is group-substituted with polymer chain-segments to form an ionomer, do its constrained ionic aggregates maintain ordered internal structures? This work presents, for a Na-salt sulfonated-polystyrene ionomer, reconciled TEM electron-diffraction schlieren textures and WAXS Bragg-type reflections from the ionic-aggregate nanodomains, which solidly prove the aggregates' internal (mono)crystalline order. The observed DSC endotherm of the ionomer, identified by WAXS as an order-disorder transition interior to its aggregates, gradually becomes enhanced over a 3-month, room-temperature physical aging process, indicating that the aggregates' ordering is a slow relaxation process in which the degree of order increases with time. This work corroborates an uncommon form of order, i.