BMP9 enhances osteogenic differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential therapeutic approach.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint damage, including cartilage degradation and bone erosion. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays a key role in osteogenesis and tissue repair. However, its role in bone erosion and inflammation in RA remains underexplored.