[Comparison of Carbon Emissions from Traditional Treatment and Source Separation Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage].

Based on the carbon emission accounting method for domestic sewage, combined with the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment, the carbon emissions of traditional schemes and source separation schemes under the three scenarios of single household, multi-household, and pipeline treatments were calculated. The results showed that the net carbon emissions （calculated as CO） of the single household, multi-household, and pipeline treatment traditional schemes were 1.21, 3.

Molecular-level transformations of dissolved black carbon in UV-based advanced oxidation processes.

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) released from biochar, is an essential group in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and is widely distributed in aquatic environments. In various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), DBC exhibits enhanced free radical scavenging compared to typical DOM, attributed to its smaller molecular weight and more compacted aromatic structure; however, the molecular-level transformations of DBC in different AOPs, such as UV/HO, UV/PDS, and UV/Chlorine, remain unclear. This study employed a DBC derived from wheat biochar for experimentation.

Importance of Chain Length in Propagation Reaction on OH Formation during Ozonation of Wastewater Effluent.

During the ozonation of wastewater, hydroxyl radicals (OH) induced by the reactions of ozone (O) with effluent organic matters (EfOMs) play an essential role in degrading ozone-refractory micropollutants. The OH yield provides the absolute OH formation during ozonation. However, the conventional "tert-Butanol (BuOH) assay" cannot accurately determine the OH yield since the propagation reactions are inhibited, and there have been few studies on OH production induced by EfOM fractions during ozonation.

Carbon-defect-driven persulfate activation for highly efficient degradation of extracellular DNA contaminant: Radical oxidation and electron transfer pathways.

Extracellular DNA (eDNA), as a dynamic repository for antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), is a rising threat to public health. This work used a ball-milling method to enhance defect structures of activated carbon, and carbon defects exhibited an excellent capacity in persulfate (PS) activation for model eDNA and real ARGs degradation. The eDNA removal by defect-rich carbon with PS was 2.

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars.

The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100, 150, and 190 °C (HC100, HC150, and HC190) and pyrochar at 250 °C (BC250) were prepared from residual sludge (RS). The uranium (VI) adsorption behavior, recovery, and heavy metal risk of RS and its biochars were assessed.

Effect of allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion abilities of Daphnia magna Straus.

Allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres (ACs-SMs) exhibited great inhibition effect on algae, however, few studies have focused on ACs-SMs toxicity on invertebrate. In this study, the effects of single high-concentration ACs (15 mg/L, SH-ACs), repeated low-concentration ACs (3 × 5 mg/L, RL-ACs) and ACs-SMs containing 15 mg/L ACs exposure on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion of Daphnia magna Straus (DS) were investigated by stable isotope N labeling method. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of microflora in DS guts were determined by 16S rRNA genes and cloning methods.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin by BiOBr nanocomposite modified with oxygen vacancies and N-doped CQDs: Enhanced photodegradation performance and mechanism.

The rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and weak light absorption capacity are two major challenges for bismuth-based photocatalysts. Here, N-CQDs/BiOBr micro-flower photocatalysts with the visible-light activity were fabricated through the ethylene glycol solvothermal method for the first time, and oxygen vacancies (OVs) and N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were simultaneously introduced on the surface of BiOBr. OVs were introduced to form defective BiOBr (BiOBr).

Effects of different types of nitrogen sources in water on the formation potentials of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in chloramine disinfection process based on isotope labeling.

Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) raise increasing concerns because of their high genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity compared to carbonaceous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs). Nitrogen-containing disinfectants, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and inorganic nitrogen may all promote the formation of N-DBPs. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the dominant nitrogen source of N-DBPs under the coexistence of multiple nitrogen sources.

Enhancement effects of dissolved organic matter leached from sewage sludge on microbial reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI) by Geobacter sulfurreducens.

Sewage sludge has a high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which contains compounds that can serve as electron donors or shuttles for metal reduction by dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB). In this study, Cr(VI) removal by G. sulfurreducens, a common DMRB present in anaerobic soils, was examined in the presence or absence of sludge DOM.

Effects and mechanisms of aged polystyrene microplastics on the photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in water under simulated sunlight.

Pharmaceutical and microplastics (MPs) have been frequently detected in aquatic environment. In this study, the effects of polystyrene MPs (PS MPs) with different aging degrees on the photolysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in simulated sunlit water were investigated. The results showed that the presence of PS MPs inhibited the photodegradation of SMX, and the photodegradation rate (k) of SMX was negatively correlated with the aging degree of PS MPs (R = 0.

A new and systematic review on the efficiency and mechanism of different techniques for OPFRs removal from aqueous environments.

Organic phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), as a new type of emerging contaminant, have drawn great attention over the last few years, due to their wide distribution in aquatic environments and potential toxicities to humans and living beings. Various treatment methods have been reported to remove OPFRs from water or wastewater. In this review, the performances and mechanisms for OPFRs removal with different methods including adsorption, oxidation, reduction and biological techniques are overviewed and discussed.

Reaction kinetics of dissolved black carbon with hydroxyl radical, sulfate radical and reactive chlorine radicals.

As an important component of dissolved organic matter (DOM), dissolved black carbon (DBC) which is characterized of abundant aromatic and oxygen-containing functional groups, is widely distributed in aquatic environments. Its presence may hinder the oxidation of organic micro-pollutants during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) via free radicals scavenging effect. However, the second-order reaction rate constants of DBC with different free radicals including hydroxyl radical (OH•), sulfate radical (SO), reactive chlorine radicals (RCR) are unknown and the relationship between the chemical composition of DBC and the second-order reaction rate constants during different AOPs (UV/HO, UV/PDS, UV/Chlorine) is also unclear.

Fe-loaded superfine powdered activated carbon prepared by ball milling for synergistic adsorption and persulfate activation to remove aqueous carbamazepine.

The massive use of personal medicines makes them widely enter the aquatic environments and cause pollution, drawing a great deal of attention over the last few years. In this study, a novel nano Fe-loaded superfine powdered activated carbon (Fe@SPAC) was prepared via a simple ball milling method. Fe@SPAC showed a rapid and effective removal for aqueous carbamazepine (CBZ) via the process of synergistic adsorption and persulfate (PDS) activation.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of visible-light-driven CuO/TiO for degradation of gaseous formaldehyde: Roles of oxygen vacancies and nano copper oxides.

Photocatalysis is an effective method for the removal of formaldehyde (HCHO), and high-efficiency visible-light-driven photocatalysts were urgently required. Herein, oxygen vacancies (OVs) and nano copper oxides (CuO) synergistically modified TiO (CuO/TiO) photocatalysts were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal followed by impregnation method. The photocatalytic decomposition of HCHO reached 100% at initial concentration of 180 ppm under relative humidity (RH) = 60% by 0.

Inhibitory effects of antioxidant moieties in humic substances on phototransformation of chlortetracycline mediated by the algae extracellular organic matter.

In algae rich waters, sunlight-driven transformation of antibiotics could be accelerated via sensitization by algae extracellular organic matter (EOM), and this photosensitization process will be affected by coexisting humic substances. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of humic substances on photodegradation of chlortetracycline (CTC) mediated by EOM. We found that humic substances exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the EOM-mediated photodegradation of CTC.

A critical review on bismuth oxyhalide based photocatalysis for pharmaceutical active compounds degradation: Modifications, reactive sites, and challenges.

Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), as a kind of widely used pharmaceutical drugs, has attracted much attention. The bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX)-based photocatalysis can remove PhACs efficiently due to its unique layered structure, optical and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the inherent instability of structure have limited its practical application.

A review: Application of allelochemicals in water ecological restoration--algal inhibition.

Problems caused by harmful algal blooms have attracted worldwide attention due to their severe harm to aquatic ecosystems, prompting researchers to study applicable measures to inhibit the growth of algae. Allelochemicals, as secondary metabolites secreted by plants, have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, obvious algal inhibiting effect and little ecological harm, and have promising application prospect in the field of water ecological restoration. This review summarized the research progress of allelochemicals, including (i) definition, development, and classification, (ii) influencing factors and mechanism of algal inhibition, (iii) the preparation methods of algal inhibitors based on allelochemicals.

Rapid electrochemical reduction of a typical chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant on copper foam: degradation kinetics and mechanisms.

With the widespread use, chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) as a new emerging contaminant have been widely detected in water environments over the last few years. In this study, the degradation of a typical Cl-OPFR, TCEP (tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate), by electrochemical reduction was investigated. It was found that copper (Cu) foam as the cathode showed more rapid and effective degradation for TCEP, compared to other cathodes.

Solvothermal synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes/BiOI photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of antipyrine under visible light.

Antipyrine (ANT), as a widely used relieve headache, fever anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical in medical treatment, is difficult to be removed completely in water. The application of photocatalytic removal of ANT is restricted to UV light irradiation (<5% of solar energy), and the degradation pathways of ANT require more theoretical evidence. In this study, a series of three dimensions (3D) hierarchical structure multiwall carbon nanotubes/bismuth oxyiodide (MWCNTs/BiOI) photocatalysts were systematically designed and firstly applied to remove ANT through visible light (>43% of solar energy) induced photodegradation.

Biochar prepared from maize straw and molasses fermentation wastewater: application for soil improvement.

A novel method was applied to improve biochar properties and its soil application by introducing molasses fermentation wastewater into a maize straw pyrolysis process. In this study, maize straw biochar (MSB) was prepared from maize straw mixed with different amounts (1, 2 and 3 mL g straw, v/w) of molasses fermentation wastewater which contained high organics and nitrogen contents. Characterization results indicated that the yield, carbon content, N/C, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of MSB increased gradually with the increasing dosage of fermentation wastewater.

Dissolved black carbon enhanced the aquatic photo-transformation of chlortetracycline via triplet excited-state species: The role of chemical composition.

Dissolved black carbon (DBC), widely distributed in the aquatic environments, can accelerate sunlight-driven photo-transformation of micropollutants, however the photosensitization mechanisms are not clear. Herein, the DBC was extracted from bamboo biochar and fractionated by molecular weight (i.e.

Identification of parameters needed for optimal anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover.

While studies have shown that anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and corn stover (CS) is an efficient method to treat these agricultural wastes, the microbial ecology of these systems and optimal parameters for the digestion process are yet to be determined. In this study, the effects of different initial substrate concentrations and CS : CM mixture ratios on co-digestion and microbial community structure were evaluated. Results demonstrated that both the highest cumulative methane yields and methane production rates were obtained from reactors with a CS : CM ratio of 1 : 1 during hemi-solid-state anaerobic digestion (HSS-AD).

Isolation and characterization of biochar-derived organic matter fractions and their phenanthrene sorption.

Chemical composition and pollutant sorption of biochar-derived organic matter fractions (BDOMs) are critical for understanding the long-term environmental significance of biochar. Phenanthrene (PHE) sorption by the humic acid-like (HAL) fractions isolated from plant straw- (PLABs) and animal manure-based (ANIBs) biochars, and the residue materials (RES) after HAL extraction was investigated. The HAL fraction comprised approximately 50% of organic carbon (OC) of the original biochars.

HNO modified biochars for uranium (VI) removal from aqueous solution.

The HNO treatment was used to chemically modify the biochars produced from wheat straw (WH) and cow manure for U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Macroscopic experiments proved that the enrichment of U(VI) on the biochars was regulated by surface complexation and electrostatic interactions. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed that the highly efficient adsorption of U(VI) was due to the carboxyl groups on the biochar surfaces.