In vivo femtosecond laser nanosurgery of the cell wall enabling patch-clamp measurements on filamentous fungi.

Studying the membrane physiology of filamentous fungi is key to understanding their interactions with the environment and crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for disease-causing pathogens. However, their plasma membrane has been inaccessible for a micron-sized patch-clamp pipette for pA current recordings due to the rigid chitinous cell wall. Here, we report the first femtosecond IR laser nanosurgery of the cell wall of the filamentous fungi, which enabled patch-clamp measurements on protoplasts released from hyphae.

Uptake of vanadium and its intracellular metabolism by Coprinellus truncorum mycelial biomass.

Background: Fungi absorb and solubilize a broad spectrum of heavy metals such as vanadium (V), which makes them a main route of its entry into the biosphere. V as vanadate (V) is a potential medical agent due to its many metabolic actions such as interaction with phosphates in the cell, and especially its insulin-mimetic activity. Antidiabetic activity of V-enriched fungi has been studied in recent years, but the biological and chemical bases of vanadium action and status in fungi in general are poorly understood, with almost no information on edible fungi.

ATP modulation of osmotically activated anionic current in the membrane of Phycomyces blakesleeanus sporangiophore.

Ion channels are vital components of filamentous fungi signaling in communication with their environment. We exploited the ability of the apical region of growing sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus to form membrane-enveloped cytoplasmic droplets (CDs), to examine ion currents in the filamentous fungi native plasma membrane. In hypoosmotic conditions, the dominant current in the CDs is ORIC, an osmotically activated, anionic, outwardly rectified, fast inactivating instantaneous current that we have previously characterized.

Osmotically Activated Anion Current of Phycomyces Blakesleeanus-Filamentous Fungi Counterpart to Vertebrate Volume Regulated Anion Current.

Studies of ion currents in filamentous fungi are a prerequisite for forming a complete understanding of their physiology. Cytoplasmic droplets (CDs), obtained from sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus, are a model system that enables the characterization of ion currents in the native membrane, including the currents mediated by the channels not yet molecularly identified. Osmotically activated anionic current with outward rectification (ORIC) is a dominant current in the membrane of cytoplasmic droplets under the conditions of hypoosmotic stimulation.

Label-free third harmonic generation imaging and quantification of lipid droplets in live filamentous fungi.

We report the utilization of Third-Harmonic Generation microscopy for label-free live cell imaging of lipid droplets in the hypha of filamentous fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. THG microscopy images showed bright spherical features dispersed throughout the hypha cytoplasm in control conditions and a transient increase in the number of bright features after complete nitrogen starvation. Colocalization analysis of THG and lipid-counterstained images disclosed that the cytoplasmic particles were lipid droplets.

Ascites as First Atypical and Only Clinical Manifestation of De Novo Follicular Lymphoma.

Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is usually initially detected in lymph nodes. Primary extranodal NHL is most commonly primarily localized in the gastrointestinal tract. We present one unusual case of ileum FL with ascites as the first clinical sign.

Cytotoxic activity of the crude polysaccharides/exopolysaccharides of and .

Fungi are an important source of polysaccharides (PSH) and phenolic compounds (PC). Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of fungal consumption, but the impact of submerged cultivated mycelia (M) and filtrate (F) has not been fully investigated. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of isolated crude PSH and exopolysaccharides (ePSH) of submerged cultivated M and F of edible and species.

Biotransformation of selenium in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus.

Biotransformation of toxic selenium ions to non-toxic species has been mainly focused on biofortification of microorganisms and production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), while far less attention is paid to the mechanisms of transformation. In this study, we applied a combination of analytical techniques with the aim of characterizing the SeNPs themselves as well as monitoring the course of selenium transformation in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Red coloration and pungent odor that appeared after only a few hours of incubation with 10 mM Se indicate the formation of SeNPs and volatile methylated selenium compounds.

Possible association of methotrexate use with osteonecrosis of the jaw: Systematic review.

The aim was to search systematically, evaluate, and then summarize scientific literature about possible methotrexate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in adults. After registration at PROSPERO this systematic review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA checklist. The following databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE, EBSCO, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), SCIndex, Scopus, Google Scholar and Registry of clinical studies with human participants.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in adults: Systematic review.

Background: Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (SATMJ) is acute or chronic bacterial or fungal infection involving temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It is a disease with high mortality in whole body joints, and about three-fourths of survivors have residual malfunctioning of the affected joint.

Objective: The aim of this review was to search systematically, evaluate and then summarize scientific literature about etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the SATMJ in adults.

Synthesis and Biological Screening of New 4-Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives and Their Palladium(II) Complexes.

Two newly synthesized 4-hydroxycoumarin bidentate ligands (L1 and L2) and their palladium(II) complexes (C1 and C2) were screened for their biological activities, and . Structures of new compounds were established based on elemental analysis, H NMR, C NMR, and IR spectroscopic techniques. The obtained compounds were tested for their antioxidative and cytotoxic activities and results pointed to selective antiradical activity of palladium(II) complexes towards OH and OOH radicals and anti-ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical) activity comparable to that of ascorbate.

A potential application of materials based on a polymer and CAD/CAM composite resins in prosthetic dentistry.

Purpose: A bioactive high performance polymer (BioHPP) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resin materials are a relatively new class of dental biomaterials, that are biocompatible and have good aesthetic features. In this review paper, we will summarize literature and publication data on the characteristics of the mentioned materials, as well as their potential application in the dental prosthetics.

Study Selection: Available studies and literature reviews from PubMed, SCIndex, Scopus and Google Scholar corresponding to polyetheretherketone (PEEK), high-performance polymers, reinforced composite materials, composite materials, resins, glass-fiber reinforced materials, CAD/CAM materials, dental implants, removable and fixed dental were reviewed.

Biochemical and histological characterization of succulent plant Tacitus bellus response to Fusarium verticillioides infection in vitro.

We present changes in Tacitus bellus antioxidative system that specifically correspond to subsequent phases of hemibiotroph Fusarium verticillioides infection revealed by histological analysis. T. bellus response to spore germination 6 h post inoculation (hpi), manifested as first oxidative burst, was characterized by transient decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, transient increase in catalase (CAT), low level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, as well as with transient decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenol content (TPC) and phenylalanine ammonium lyase activity (PAL), and no changes in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, or phenolic profile.

Fatty Acids Predominantly Affect Anti-Hydroxyl Radical Activity and FRAP Value: The Case Study of Two Edible Mushrooms.

Compared to plants, nowadays mushrooms attract more attention as functional foods, due to a number of advantages in manipulating them. This study aimed to screen the chemical composition (fatty acids and phenolics) and antioxidant potential (OH•, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)) of two edible mushrooms, and collected from nature and submerged cultivation. Partial least square regression analysis has pointed out the importance of some fatty acids-more precisely, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) followed by fatty acids possessing both short (C6:0 and C8:0) and long (C23:0 and C24:0) saturated chains-and phenolic compounds (such as protocatechuic acid, daidzein, -hydroxybenzoic acid, genistein and vanillic acid) for promising anti-OH•, FRAP and anti-DPPH• activities, respectively.

Antimicrobial treatment of invasive infections: Systematic review.

can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this systematic review was to establish what invasive infections in humans are caused by and to evaluate the optimal choice of antibiotics for their treatment. MEDLINE, EBSCO, SCOPUS, SCINDEKS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were systematically searched for clinical trials, observational studies, case reports or case series describing invasive infections with in patients of any age.

The response of chironomid taxonomy- and functional trait-based metrics to fish farm effluent pollution in lotic systems.

The lotic habitats affected by trout farm waste are colonized with a particular invertebrate community of which chironomids are the most abundant group. However, there is little information available regarding how chironomid community structures respond to this type of pollution at the highest taxonomic resolution. Eight fish farms, together with their lotic systems as recipients, were used to test the variability of the chironomid community and its surrogates (taxonomic and functional metrics) across spatially arranged sampling sites to form a gradual decrease in the trout farm influence.

Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater gammarid Gammarus dulensis exposed to trout farm outputs.

The current study reports a combined seasonal monitoring of the Crnica River watercourse using physico-chemical parameters and biomarkers measured in Gammarus dulensis with the aim of correlating the effects of pollution with the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in this amphipod. The pollution source is identified as a trout farm in the upper part of the Crnica River (Eastern Serbia). Physico-chemical water parameters and sediment trace element concentrations were measured in the Crnica River during three seasons.

Can Oxidation-Reduction Potential of Cerebrospinal Fluid Be a Monitoring Biomarker in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

The monitoring of progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relies on clinical outcome measures that take months to interpret, such as revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) score, with no approved biomarkers. A number of clinical studies have documented the involvement of oxidative stress in ALS pathology. Pertinent to this, we propose to evaluate oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a potential indicator of ALS progression.

Comparative study of the effects of a small-scale trout farm on the macrozoobenthos, potamoplankton, and epilithic diatom communities.

Trout farms are one of the major sources of pollution of highland streams and rivers, which are very sensitive ecosystems otherwise scarcely influenced by human activities. A trout farm with low annual production was chosen for comparative monitoring of its effects on the macrozoobenthos, epilithic diatom, and potamoplankton communities in the receiving stream. Research was conducted every 2 months during a period of 1 year (one control point and three localities downstream from the farm).

Growth inhibition of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus by anion channel inhibitors anthracene-9-carboxylic and niflumic acid attained through decrease in cellular respiration and energy metabolites.

Increasing resistance of fungal strains to known fungicides has prompted identification of new candidates for fungicides among substances previously used for other purposes. We have tested the effects of known anion channel inhibitors anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C) and niflumic acid (NFA) on growth, energy metabolism and anionic current of mycelium of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Both inhibitors significantly decreased growth and respiration of mycelium, but complete inhibition was only achieved by 100 and 500 µM NFA for growth and respiration, respectively.

The interactions of vanadate monomer with the mycelium of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus: reduction or uptake?

The possibility of reduction of vanadate monomer in the mycelium of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus was investigated in this study by means of polarography. Control experiments were performed with vanadyl [V(IV)] and vanadate [V(V)] in 10 mM Hepes, pH 7.2.

Is there a direct correlation between the duration and the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hearing loss?

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the duration of diabetes and the control of glycemia on the auditory function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 80 patients with T2DM (divided depending on when T2DM was diagnosed, and also according to the control of glycemia), and 50 healthy subjects.

Results: The hearing threshold in T2DM patients was statistically significantly higher for 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz.

(51)V NMR investigation of cell-associated vanadate species in Phycomyces blakesleeanus mycelium.

(51)V NMR spectroscopy was used for detection and identification of cell-associated vanadate (V(5+)) species after exposure of Phycomyces blakesleeanus mycelium, in exponential phase of growth, to sodium orthovanadate. Complete disappearance of monomer and dimer signals and decreased intensity of the tetramer signal were observed about 40 min after treatment. Simultaneously, a signal at -532 ppm, with increasing intensity, was detected in spectra.