Realist process evaluation of occupational performance coaching: protocol.

Introduction: A cluster randomised controlled trial, the Meaning, Agency and Nurturing Autonomy (MANA) study, is underway comparing the effects of occupational performance coaching (OPC) and usual care on the social participation, health and well-being of children with neurodisability and their caregivers. This protocol presents the realist process evaluation which is occurring in parallel with the trial to allow testing and further refinement of OPC programme theory, as represented in its logic model. The aim of this realist evaluation is to examine what works, for whom, in the implementation of OPC with caregivers of children with neurodisability (in particular, Māori and Pasifika) in current service delivery contexts.

Participate CP 2: optimising participation in physically active leisure for children with cerebral palsy - protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) participate less in physical activities and have increased sedentary behaviour compared with typically developing peers. Participate CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention for children with CP with demonstrated efficacy in a phase II randomised controlled trial (RCT) to increase perceived performance of physical activity participation goals. This study will test the effectiveness of Participate CP in a multisite phase III RCT.

Fidelity of Delivery in a Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial of Intervention Efficacy for Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: To investigate the reliability of a measure of fidelity of therapist delivery, quantify fidelity of delivery, and determine factors impacting fidelity in the Rehabilitation EArly for Congenital Hemiplegia (REACH) clinical trial.

Methods: Ninety-five infants (aged 3-9 months) with unilateral cerebral palsy participated in the REACH clinical trial. The Therapist Fidelity Checklist (TFC) evaluated key intervention components.

Investigating Dog Welfare When Interacting with Autistic Children within Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy Sessions: A Single Case Study.

Human-animal bond is defined as the mutually beneficial relationship between humans and animals. Recent years have seen increasing research regarding the benefits of interaction with animals for autistic children. However, there continue to be limited studies exploring the impact of this interaction on the welfare of therapy dogs.

Occupational Performance Coaching for Children With Neurodisability: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) is a goal-oriented approach in which client agency takes precedence in goal selection, analysis, choice of action, and evaluation of success. The intended outcomes of OPC are improved occupational performance and participation in clients' life situations. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of OPC.

Women pregnant after previous perinatal loss: relationships between adult attachment, shame, and prenatal psychological outcomes.

Background: Insecure adult attachment, shame, self-blame, and isolation following perinatal loss place bereaved women at risk of adverse psychological outcomes, which can impact child and family outcomes. To date, no research has considered how these variables continue to influence women's psychological health in pregnancy subsequent to loss.

Objective: This study explored associations between psychological adjustment (less grief and distress) and adult attachment, shame, and social connectedness, in women pregnant after loss.

Exploring caregiver and participant experiences of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) for youth with acquired brain injury and cerebral palsy.

Purpose: This study explored the experience of adolescents with brain injuries and their caregivers who participated in the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) in Australia.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven adolescents and 31 caregivers, who completed the PEERS intervention as part of an RCT, contributed to focus groups following the 14-week program. Semi-structed interviews guided focus groups.

Impact of "early intervention" parent workshops on outcomes for caregivers of children with neurodisabilities: a mixed-methods study.

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility, impact and parent experiences of ENVISAGE (ENabling VISions And Growing Expectations)-Families, a parent-researcher co-designed and co-led program for parents/caregivers raising children with early-onset neurodisabilities.

Methods: Parents/caregivers of a child with a neurodisability aged ≤6 years, recruited in Australia and Canada, participated in five weekly online workshops with other parents. Self-report measures were collected at baseline, immediately after, and 3 months post-ENVISAGE-Families; interviews were done following program completion.

The Role of the Outpatient Occupational Therapist Treating Patients With Small Burns: A Retrospective Audit of Practice.

Current Australian burn care practice guidelines recommend therapies prescribed for burn injuries, irrespective of burn size. These guidelines have been informed by research related to large burns and associated treatment burden. This article describes the clinical management of small burns by occupational therapists at a large tertiary facility in Australia.

Lifestyle behaviours of immigrant and Australian children: Evidence from a nationally representative sample.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep, and fruit and vegetable intake of children with low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) parents, high-income countries (HIC), and Australian children, and whether these behaviours are associated with their immigrant status. Data for this study were from wave 7 of the Birth cohort (B cohort) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations between health behaviours and immigrant status.

Social skills group training in adolescents with disabilities: A systematic review.

Background: Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are offered to youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to improve social functioning. This systematic review focused on the adolescent population, including a wider range of disabilities.

Aims: To evaluate effectiveness of GSSIs at improving social functioning in adolescents with congenital, acquired or developmental disabilities.

Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for adolescents with an acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To test the efficacy of a group social skills intervention on social functioning in adolescents with a brain injury.

Method: Thirty-six adolescents (mean age 14y, SD 1y 8mo, age range 12y 1mo-16y 3mo; 17 females) with acquired brain injury (ABI; ≥12mo postintervention; n=19) or cerebral palsy (n=17) were randomly allocated to the Program for the Education in Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) or usual care. The primary outcome was the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales (SSIS-RS).

ENabling VISions and Growing Expectations (ENVISAGE): Parent reviewers' perspectives of a co-designed program to support parents raising a child with an early-onset neurodevelopmental disability.

Aims: This study reports parents' perspectives of, ENVISAGE: ENabling VISions And Growing Expectations. ENVISAGE - co-designed by parents and researchers - is an early intervention program for parents raising children with neurodisability.

Methods And Procedures: Using an integrated Knowledge Translation approach, this feasibility study explored parents' perspectives of the comprehensibility, acceptability, and usability of ENVISAGE workshops.

Efficacy of early interventions with active parent implementation in low-and-Middle income countries for young children with cerebral palsy to improve child development and parent mental health outcomes: a systematic review.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of interventions with active parent implementation for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) to improve child and parent outcomes in low-middle income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Five databases were systematically searched. Randomised or comparison studies evaluating interventions with the training of the parent and/or home practice components to implement with their child with CP (<60 months of age) were included.

Descriptive contents analysis of ParticiPAte CP: a participation-focused intervention to promote physical activity participation in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: ParticiPAte CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention that is effective to increase perceived performance of physical activity (PA) participation goals in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to characterise the contents of ParticiPAte CP using validated behaviour change frameworks.

Materials And Methods: Data came from physiotherapist treatment notes and were used to specify: (1) physiotherapist-perceived barriers to behaviour change (using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework [ICF] and Theoretical Domains Framework), intervention content (Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1), intervention functions (Behaviour Change Wheel) and mechanisms of action (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour model).

Use of tape for the management of hypertrophic scar development: A comprehensive review.

Introduction: Tapes have been used to aid fresh wound closure. For hypertrophic scars, the use of tapes as a therapy to reduce the mechanical forces that stimulate excessive and long-term scarring is yet to be evaluated. The aim of this comprehensive review was to explore the current clinical application of tapes, as a minimally invasive option, as purposed specifically for the management of hypertrophic scarring, regardless of scar causation.

Mothers' perspectives on the influences shaping their early experiences with infants at risk of cerebral palsy in India.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) high-risk status is now possible in infants less than six months corrected age. Parents play a central role in providing nurturing care and implementing early intervention approaches. To design interventions tailored to needs of parents and understand how to improve parental support, this study aimed to understand the influences shaping parent experiences with an infant at high-risk of CP in West Bengal, India.

A measure of parent engagement: plan appropriateness, partnering, and positive outcome expectancy in pediatric rehabilitation sessions.

Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of a parent-report measure of engagement in pediatric rehabilitation.

Method: 113 parents (of children 4 months to 18 years, varying in diagnoses) were recruited from standard outpatient/inpatient, early intervention, and life skills programs, sampled from different sites in Canada, the US, and Australia. Parents completed the Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement-Parent version (PRIME-P) twice, after two therapy sessions approximately two weeks apart.

Participation predictors for leisure-time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To determine the predictors of magnitude of change in response to a participation-focused leisure-time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using the ParticiPAte CP protocol.

Method: We included 33 children (16 males, 17 females) aged 8 to 12 years (mean age=10y, SD=1y 6mo) with CP with pre/postintervention data from a wait-list randomized trial. The hypothesized linear predictors of change in primary outcomes (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]-performance and COPM-satisfaction, Belief in Goal Self-Competence Scale (BiGSS), and minutes per day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) were: age; Gross Motor Function Classification System level; comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Goal Attainment Scaling T score; Problems in Schools Questionnaire; Physical Activity Climate Questionnaire; Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised; and stage of behaviour change.

Hand function and self-care in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To examine the relationship between self-care and bimanual performance in children aged 8 to 12 years with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 74 children with CP (unilateral n=30, bilateral n=44; 48 males, 26 females; median age 9y 8mo [25th, 75th centiles 9y 1mo, 10y 8mo], Manual Abilities Classification System level I=30, II=28, III=16). Self-care was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and bimanual performance using the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Both Hands Assessment (BoHA).

Executive Decision-Making: Piloting Project ECHO® to Integrate Care in Queensland.

Introduction: A Queensland project team secured grant funding to pilot Project ECHO®, a telementoring model, to drive vertical and horizontal integration across paediatric, education and primary care services. This study sought to understand what influenced healthcare executives' decision-making processes to organisationally commit to and financially invest in the pilot proposal within an organisational context.

Theory And Methods: A phenomenological approach methodology was adopted to investigate healthcare executives' conscious decision-making processes.

Hand Function in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy and Interpretability of the Both Hands Assessment.

Aim: To describe bimanual performance in a sample of Australian children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and, examine the qualitative meaning (or interpretability) of scores on the Both Hands Assessment (BoHA).

Methods: Children with bilateral CP aged 8-12 years ( = 54) classified Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level I = 20, II = 18, III = 16 were examined using the BoHA.

Results: Bimanual performance was significantly different across MACS levels I-III ( < 0.

Global Prevalence of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep of Immigrant Children: a Systematic Review.

Background: Although insufficient physical activity (PA), high sedentary behaviour (SB), and inadequate sleep are fairly common among children, little is known about these behaviours in immigrant children. This systematic review examined the prevalence of PA, SB, and sleep among immigrant children aged 5-17 years around the globe.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve the English language peer-reviewed original articles published between 2000 and 2019.

Responsibility sharing for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A scoping review.

Background: The term 'Responsibility Sharing', albeit poorly defined, has emerged from the diabetes literature, to describe a distinct mechanism for comprehensively managing the characteristic shift in responsibility that underpins the transition to self-management for adolescents.

Methods: A scoping review, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, distilled the literature from seven databases to answer the questions: What is responsibility sharing? Who are the key stakeholders? What factors affect responsibility transaction? What are its recognized outcomes? How is responsibility shared?

Results: Responsibility sharing is a transactional arrangement between youth and their caregiver/s that functions to repeatedly and flexibly apply ownership to the management of diabetes care tasks, across the course of adolescence. In the main, responsibility sharing was associated with better metabolic and/or psychosocial outcomes.