Description of a Nonhuman Primate Model of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Purpose: To establish an inducible model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) in nonhuman primates (NHPs) to improve our understanding of the disease conditions and evaluate treatment interventions in humans.

Methods: We cannulated the right eye of rhesus macaques with a needle attached to a normal saline solution reservoir at up to 1.9 m above the eye level that resulted in high intraocular pressure of over 100 mm Hg for 90 minutes.

Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines Are Synergistically Induced in a ROS-Dependent Manner by a Co-Culture of Corneal Epithelial Cells and Neutrophil-like Cells in the Presence of Particulate Matter.

Ocular exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes local inflammation; however, the influence of neutrophils on PM-induced ocular inflammation is still not fully understood. In this study, we constructed a system to investigate the role of PM in ocular inflammation using a co-culture of human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) and differentiation-induced neutrophils (dHL-60). To investigate whether HCE-T directly endocytosed PM, we performed a holographic analysis, which showed the endocytosis of PM in HCE-T.

ATP Consumption Is Coupled with Endocytosis in Exudated Neutrophils.

Neutrophil energy metabolism during phagocytosis has been previously reported, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in endocytosis. Neutrophils are prepared by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate for 4 h. We previously reported a system established for measuring particulate matter endocytosis by neutrophils using flow cytometry.

Assessment of the potential value of combining western medicine therapies with traditional chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19: Mechanistic perspectives.

Background: The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since early 2020 is one of the most significant global health issues in history. Although there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, researchers have provided a whole array of potential treatments, both from the Western medicine approach, which is molecular target and pathogenesis based, and from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approach, which is based on the exposure to toxins/pathogens and the balance of the body to combat them for recovery.

Objective: The aim of this research is to find combinations of Western medicine and TCM that may offer better therapeutic efficacy synergystically with a better adverse events profile.

Modulation of high-energy γ-rays by collision of an ultra-high-energy electron with a tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse.

Using an ultra-high-energy (⩾1000) electron to collide with laser pulses to generate high-energy -rays is an important way to treat cancer. We investigate a method for modulating high-energy -rays with higher energy and more collimation using tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulses colliding with an ultra-high-energy electron. Theoretical derivation and numerical simulation within the framework of classical electrodynamics show that higher electron initial energy, stronger laser intensity, and a longer pulse can generate higher -ray energy.

Pentacyclic triterpenoid ursolic acid induces apoptosis with mitochondrial dysfunction in adult T-cell leukemia MT-4 cells to promote surrounding cell growth.

We investigated the antitumor effects of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) on adult T-cell leukemia cells. OA and UA dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells. UA-treated cells showed caspase 3/7 and caspase 9 activation.

Molecular identification of a root apical cell-specific and stress-responsive enhancer from an enhancer trap line.

Background: Plant root apex is the major part to direct the root growth and development by responding to various signals/cues from internal and soil environments. To study and understand root system biology particularly at a molecular and cellular level, an T-DNA insertional enhancer trap line J3411 expressing reporters (GFP) only in the root tip was adopted in this study to isolate a DNA fragment.

Results: Using nested PCR, DNA sequencing and sequence homology search, the T-DNA insertion site(s) and its flanking genes were characterised in J3411 line.

Abnormal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in adults and adolescents with major depressive disorder: A comparative meta-analysis.

Background: Although dysfunction of amygdala-related circuits is centrally implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), little is known about how this dysfunction differs between adult and adolescent MDD patients.

Methods: Voxel-wise meta-analyses of abnormal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) were conducted in adult and adolescent groups separately, followed by a quantitative meta-analytic comparison of the two groups.

Findings: Nineteen studies that included 665 MDD patients (392 adults and 273 adolescents) and 546 controls (341 adults and 205 adolescents) were identified in the current study.