Oral Administration Properties Evaluation of Three Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Based on Ultracentrifugation Extraction Methods.

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (M-EVs) are low-cost, can be prepared in large quantities, and can cross the gastrointestinal barrier for oral administration. However, the composition of milk is complex, and M-EVs obtained by different extraction methods may affect their oral delivery. Based on this, a new method for extracting M-EVs based on cryogenic freezing treatment (Cryo-M-EVs) is proposed and compared with the previously reported acetic acid treatment (Acid-M-EVs) method and the conventional ultracentrifugation method (Ulltr-M-EVs).

Gold nanoparticles combat enveloped RNA virus by affecting organelle dynamics.

Enveloped RNA viruses are a group of viruses with an outer membrane derived from a host cell and a genome consisting of ribonucleic acid (RNA). These viruses rely on host cell machinery and organelles to replicate and assemble new virus particles. However, the interaction between viruses and host organelles may be disrupted by nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with unique physical and chemical properties.

Tunable Mechanical Response of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Superlattices.

Self-assembled nanoparticle superlattices (NPSLs) are an emergent class of self-architected nanocomposite materials that possess promising properties arising from precise nanoparticle ordering. Their multiple coupled properties make them desirable as functional components in devices where mechanical robustness is critical. However, questions remain about NPSL mechanical properties and how shaping them affects their mechanical response.

Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy.

T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability.

Large scale self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles on deformed graphene templates.

Hierarchical heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are versatile platforms for nanoscale optoelectronics. Further coupling of these 2D materials with plasmonic nanostructures, especially in non-close-packed morphologies, imparts new metastructural properties such as increased photosensitivity as well as spectral selectivity and range. However, the integration of plasmonic nanoparticles with 2D materials has largely been limited to lithographic patterning and/or undefined deposition of metallic structures.

[Nutrient Exchange Between Meixi River and Yangtze River Due to the Typical Interaction Process of the Three Gorges Reservoir and Its Tributary].

Frequent algal blooms have been observed in the Meixi bay of the Three Gorges Reservoirs (TGR) since its initial filling. In order to understand the effects of intrusions from Changjiang mainstream on the nutrient supply of the Meixi Bay, a detailed field monitoring was conducted from August 2012 to July 2013. The results showed that there were significant intrusions from the mainstream to the Meixi Bay during the different water level scheduling periods of the TGR.

[Partial pressure and diffusion flux of dissolved carbon dioxide in the mainstream and tributary of the central Three Gorges Reservoir in summer].

This study investigated the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its tributary (Meixi River) in May 2013. Results showed that pCO2 in the surface water of the Meixi River and mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir was 6.8-7.