Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveals the mechanisms of function loss of leaf rust resistance gene at high temperatures in wheat.

Leaf rust (LR) is one of the most common diseases of wheat. The resistance gene provides wide resistance to LR, but loses its function under high temperatures. Despite the importance of this gene, the mechanism of resistance is unclear.

Terahertz Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Strontium Iridate-Based Magnetic Heterostructures.

Oxide interfaces have enormous potential for future electronics with many applications, such as large spin Hall conductance, phase transitions, topological states, and superconductivity. However, previous investigations have predominantly focused on gigahertz frequencies; whilst the possibilities to fabricate devices operational at terahertz frequencies are demonstrated. A model solution is proposed employing 5d rare-earth, strontium iridate (SrIrO) heterostructure with cobalt (Co) ultrathin layers.

Stroke Mechanisms in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: A Modified Classification System and Clinical Implications.

Background: In patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS), recent evidence has suggested an association between artery-to-artery embolism (AAE) and cortical borderzone (CBZ) infarcts.

Methods: We recruited patients with 50-99% anterior-circulation sICAS in this cohort. Stroke mechanisms were categorized as isolated parent artery atherosclerosis occluding penetrating artery (PAO), isolated AAE, isolated hypoperfusion, and mixed mechanisms, using two classification systems.

Diverse functions of sex determination gene doublesex on sexually dimorphic neuronal development and behaviors.

Sex-specific neurons play pivotal roles in regulating sexually dimorphic behaviors. In insects, the sex determination gene doublesex (dsx) establishes major sexual dimorphism of the nervous system, in which male-specific dsx promotes neuronal development, while female-specific dsx inhibits neuronal development by promoting neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we find that dsx regulates the number of dsx-expressing central neurons in Drosophila in cell-specific manners.

Investigating shared risk variants and genetic etiology between Alzheimer's disease and three stress-related psychiatric disorders: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis.

Introduction: Observational studies have reported that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a greater burden of comorbidities typically associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, the contribution of hereditary factors to this comorbidity remains unclear. We evaluated phenotypic associations using observational data from the UK Biobank.

Inhibition of triglyceride metabolism-associated enhancers alters lipid deposition during adipocyte differentiation.

Triglyceride (TG) metabolism is a complex and highly coordinated biological process regulated by a series of genes, and its dysregulation can lead to the occurrence of disorders in lipid metabolism. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of crucial genes in TG metabolism mediated by enhancer-promoter interactions remain elusive. Here, we identified candidate enhancers regulating the Agpat2, Dgat1, Dgat2, Pnpla2, and Lipe genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by integrating epigenomic data (H3K27ac, H3K4me1, and DHS-seq) with chromatin three-dimensional interaction data.

Location or size? A finite element analysis study of necrotic lesion impact on femoral head collapse.

Background: The location and size of necrotic lesions are important factors for collapse, The preserved angles (PAs) are divided into anterior preserved angle (APA) and lateral preserved angle (LPA), which could accurately measure the location of necrosis lesion. We used them to evaluate the effect of the location and size of necrotic lesions on collapse by finite element analysis, to offer a framework for evaluating the prognosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in clinical settings.

Methods: 3 left hip models were constructed based on CT data.

Dietary patterns and cardiovascular diseases among Chinese high-risk population aged 35 years and older: A 6-year cohort study.

This study aims to investigate the dietary patterns of Chinese individuals aged 35 years and older who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to explore the correlation between these dietary patterns and the risk of CVD. A total of 28,747 high-risk participants in China PEACE in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2019 were included in the analysis Dietary data were obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and dietary patterns were extracted through factor analysis. Cox regression was used to examine the relationship between the dietary patterns and CVD risk in the high-risk groups.

Sepiolite immobilizes soil Cd to optimize microbial community structure thereby promoting wheat growth and reducing Cd accumulation.

Immobilization remediation is a widely employed technology that effectively reduces the migration rate and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd). Sepiolite, a commonly used remediation agent, has proven effective in decreasing soil Cd availability and reducing Cd accumulation in agricultural products. However, further investigation is needed to understand the impact of sepiolite on soil environmental quality and microbial communities.

Liquid-Metal-Based Multichannel Strain Sensor for Sign Language Gesture Classification Using Machine Learning.

Liquid metals are highly conductive like metallic materials and have excellent deformability due to their liquid state, making them rather promising for flexible and stretchable wearable sensors. However, patterning liquid metals on soft substrates has been a challenge due to high surface tension. In this paper, a new method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in fabricating liquid-state strain sensors.

Deep Learning-Based Ion Channel Kinetics Analysis for Automated Patch Clamp Recording.

The patch clamp technique is a fundamental tool for investigating ion channel dynamics and electrophysiological properties. This study proposes the first artificial intelligence framework for characterizing multiple ion channel kinetics of whole-cell recordings. The framework integrates machine learning for anomaly detection and deep learning for multi-class classification.

Diagnostic Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Intracranial Venous Thrombosis: A Multi-model Predictive Analysis.

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but significant condition, primarily affecting young adults, especially women. The diagnosis of CVT is challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), may aid in early diagnosis.

Predictors of growth hormone level on postoperative day one in patients with acromegaly.

Purpose: The growth hormone (GH) level on postoperative day one (POD1), i.e., POD1GH, holds significant value in assessing surgical efficacy and predicting long-term remission in patients with acromegaly.

The dose-response effect of lecithin on carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cell uptake.

Previous results have been mixed as to whether the emulsifying agent lecithin increases carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular uptake. The dose-response effect of lecithin (0-5 mg) on carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular uptake was investigated in vitro using a mixture of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin and astaxanthin. Resulting micelles were incubated with Caco-2 cells for 4 h.

MOMFNet: A Deep Learning Approach for InSAR Phase Filtering Based on Multi-Objective Multi-Kernel Feature Extraction.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a widely used remote sensing technology for Earth observation, enabling the detection and measurement of ground deformation through the generation of interferograms. However, phase noise remains a critical factor that degrades interferogram quality. To address this issue, this study proposes MOMFNet, a deep learning approach for InSAR phase filtering based on multi-objective multi-kernel feature extraction that leverages multi-objective multi-kernel feature extraction.

Regnase-1 regulates inflammation in T cells of ankylosing spondylitis through the TRAF6.

The study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Regnase-1 in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) inflammation. We collected 10 ml peripheral venous blood and epidemiological data from 45 AS patients and 45 healthy controls and performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Then CD3 + T lymphocytes were isolated by magnetic bead sorting method, and the transcriptional levels of Regnase-1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).

Intense second-harmonic generation in two-dimensional PtSe.

Platinum diselenide (PtSe), classified as a noble metal dichalcogenide, has garnered substantial interest owing to its layer-dependent band structure, remarkable air-stability, and high charge-carrier mobilities. These properties make it highly promising for a wide array of applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as sensors. Additionally, two-dimensional (2D) PtSe demonstrates significant potential as a saturable absorber due to its exceptional nonlinear optical response across an ultrabroad spectra range, presenting exciting opportunities in ultrafast and nonlinear photonics.

Buckling Behavior Analysis of Kirigami Structure Under Tension.

Flexible electronic technology has attracted great interest, where rigid and brittle semiconductor materials can withstand large deformation. In order to improve the stretchability of devices, many novel structures have been designed, such as the classical "wavy" structure, the island-bridge structure, and origami structures that achieve stretchability through creases. However, the stretchability of these structures is still not large enough.

Macrophage involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and diverse clinical manifestations. Macrophages, pivotal components of innate immunity, are implicated in immune responses, inflammation resolution, and tissue repair. Distinct macrophage polarization states play vital roles in disease progression and resolution.

LIC-CGAN: fast lithography latent images calculation method for large-area masks using deep learning.

Latent image calculation for large-area masks is an indispensable but time-consuming step in lithography simulation. This paper presents LIC-CGAN, a fast method for three-dimensional (3D) latent image calculation of large-area masks using deep learning. Initially, the library of mask clips and their corresponding latent images is established, which is then used to train conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs).

van der Waals NbOCl Nanodisks for Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation.

Niobium oxide dichloride (NbOCl), a van der Waals crystal, exhibits exceptional second-harmonic generation (SHG) with high conversion efficiency, making it a promising candidate for on-chip quantum light sources, photon modulators, and sensors. To increase its suitability for integrated photonic systems, it is crucial to explore strategies for further improving optical nonlinear conversion efficiency. In this article, dielectric metasurfaces are employed to enhance SHG from patterned NbOCl nanodisks.

The Hcp2b of APEC induces mitochondrial damage in chicken DF-1 cells.

The haemolysin co-regulatory protein (Hcp) plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic (APEC) as an effector protein of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to the host. Meanwhile, mitochondria in the host are the target of effector proteins of various secretion systems. Here, we explored the effects of APEC effector Hcp2b on the mitochondria of DF-1 cells and found that Hcp2b results in damage in mitochondria.