The role of protein phosphorylation modifications mediated by iron metabolism regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In recent years, an imbalance in iron homeostasis has been recognized to play a key role in the pathological process of AD. Abnormal iron accumulation can activate various kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, leading to abnormal phosphorylation of tau and amyloid precursor protein, and accelerating the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Evaluation of different mathematical models on fitting the in vitro gas production parameters in beef cattle.

In vitro rumen gas production experiment was conducted with 57 kinds of feedstuff, which were categorized into energy feed, protein feed, and roughage, collected within China. Eight mathematical models were employed to describe the kinetics of in vitro rumen gas production. The results found that for energy feeds, protein feeds, and roughages, respectively, Michaelis-Menten (MM) or Logistic-Exponential with lag (LEL), MM, and Mitscherlich (MIT) exhibited the highest or shown no significant difference compared to the highest coefficient of determination (R) (P < 0.

Revealing the excited-state mechanisms of the polymorphs of a hot exciton material.

As the investigation of high efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials become more mature, regulating the emission properties for single organic luminescence molecules has gained increasing interest recently. Herein, the donor-acceptor compounds F-AQ comprised of fluorene and anthraquinone is reported, and it exhibits a polymorphism with muti-color emission and TADF from high-level intersystem crossing (hRISC). The photodynamics and excited-state transient species were studied by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy.

Modification of Inca peanut albumin-polyphenol conjugates by chitosan through laccase catalysis: Structural, interfacial, and functional properties.

As a green method, enzyme crosslinking can catalyze chitosan (CS) to improve further the structural, interfacial, and functional properties of Inca peanut albumin (IPA)-polyphenols. However, the structural impact of laccase-catalyzed CS on different IPA-polyphenol conjugates has not been reported. Results revealed that enzymatic cross-linking of IPA-gallic acid (GA) and IPA- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with CS resulted in a decrease in α-helices, an increase in β-helices, and a more ordered structure.

Bioactive phenolics from the bulbs of Hymenocallis littoralis.

Hymenocallis littoralis, commonly known as Coastal Spider lily, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, celebrated for its remarkably beautiful flowers. In this study, five previously undescribed chromones, one new benzopyran, along with five known chromones and fourteen known flavonoids, were identified.

Enhancing glycerol hydrogenolysis to n-propanol: Key role of Lewis acid in HZSM-5 supported Cu catalyst.

Glycerol hydrogenolysis to n-propanol (1-PO) represents an approach to realize synthesizing sustainable fuels from biodiesel byproduct. However, it suffers from harsh reaction conditions and noble catalysts. Herein, a simple Cu20/HZSM-5(Si/Al = 120) was fabricated, demonstrating high efficiency under mild conditions for non-noble metal catalysts, achieving a 71.

Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation of the Aggregation Induced TADF from High-Level Reversed Intersystem Crossing.

The thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) originating from high-level intersystem crossing (hRISC) presents great potential in realizing a more full utilization of triplet excitons. In this study, DPA-FBP and TPA-FBP were doped in a PMMA film with different weight fractions to study the effect of aggregation on the luminescence properties. As a result, the TADF feature from hRISC was only found in the 50 wt % doped film, whereas the 1 wt % doped film only shows prompt fluorescence.

Synthesis, Structures, and Chiroptical Properties of NBN-Doped Helicenes with Boron Atoms in the Inner Rims.

The precise synthesis of helicenes with topologically defined length and specific heteroatomic perturbation in the screw-like conjugated skeletons plays an emerging role in the manipulation of chiral materials. Facile, selective, and programmable routes to helicenes or heterohelicenes are highly desirable yet challenging for structure-chiroptical property relationship studies. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of NBN-doped helicenes with boron atoms in the inner rims, enabled by the highly regioselective one-pot borylation of rationally designed precursors with, namely, fold-in or pan-out manner.

Simultaneous Photocatalytic Production of H and Acetal from Ethanol with Quantum Efficiency over 73% by Protonated Poly(heptazine imide) under Visible Light.

In this work, protonated poly(heptazine imide) (H-PHI) was obtained by adding acid to the suspension of potassium PHI (K-PHI) in ethanol. It was established that the obtained H-PHI demonstrates very high photocatalytic activity in the reaction of hydrogen formation from ethanol in the presence of Pt nanoparticles under visible light irradiation in comparison with K-PHI. This enhancement can be attributed to improved efficiency of photogenerated charge transfer to the photocatalyst's surface, where redox processes occur.

The Mechanism of Sodium Sulfate Coupled with Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Mitigating Methane Production in Beef Cattle.

The aim of this experiment is to explore the effect of sodium sulfate (NaSO) on methane reduction in the rumen, and its impact on anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME). Using mixed rumen fluid from four Angus cattle fistulas, this study conducted an fermentation. Adding NaSO to the fermentation substrate resulted in sulfur concentrations in the substrate of 0.

Visualizing Triplet Energy Transfer in Organic Near-Infrared Phosphorescent Host-Guest Materials.

Limited by the energy gap law, purely organic materials with efficient near-infrared room temperature phosphorescence are rare and difficult to achieve. Additionally, the exciton transition process among different emitting species in host-guest phosphorescent materials remains elusive, presenting a significant academic challenge. Herein, using a modular nonbonding orbital-π bridge-nonbonding orbital (n-π-n) molecular design strategy, we develop a series of heavy atom-free phosphors.

Photocatalytic dihydroxylation of light olefins to glycols by water.

Aliphatic diols such as ethylene and propylene glycol are the key products in the chemical industry for manufacturing polymers. The synthesis of these molecules usually implies sequential processes, including epoxidation of olefins using hydrogen peroxide or oxygen with subsequent hydrolysis to glycols. Direct hydroxylation of olefins by cheap and green oxidants is an economically attractive and environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of diols.

Aberrant glycosylation in schizophrenia: insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive, affective, and social dysfunction, resulting in hallucinations, delusions, emotional blunting, and disordered thinking. In recent years, proteomics has been increasingly influential in SCZ research. Glycosylation, a key post-translational modification, can alter neuronal stability and normal signaling in the nervous system by affecting protein folding, stability, and cellular signaling.

High-level reverse intersystem crossing of charge transfer compounds: to fluoresce or not to fluoresce?

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been widely applied to electroluminescent materials to take the best advantage of triplet excitons. For some materials, the TADF originates from high-level reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC), and has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency for utilizing the triplet excitons. However, reports concerning the mechanistic studies on the hRISC-TADF process and structure-property correlation are sparse.

NIR-II emissive anionic copper nanoclusters with intrinsic photoredox activity in single-electron transfer.

Ultrasmall copper nanoclusters have recently emerged as promising photocatalysts for organic synthesis, owing to their exceptional light absorption ability and large surface areas for efficient interactions with substrates. Despite significant advances in cluster-based visible-light photocatalysis, the types of organic transformations that copper nanoclusters can catalyze remain limited to date. Herein, we report a structurally well-defined anionic Cu nanocluster that emits in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) after photoexcitation and can conduct single-electron transfer with fluoroalkyl iodides without the need for external ligand activation.

Preparation of a novel DNA-imprinted sensor based on chitosan and its highly sensitive detection of Pb.

Lead ion is very harmful to the environment, so it is very important to study its detection methods. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was constructed by modifying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on the electrode, which can be used for the detection of Pb in the environment. Part of the mixed solution of chitosan (CS) and Pb template ions was dropped onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode.

Nucleic-acid-base photofunctional cocrystal for information security and antimicrobial applications.

Cocrystal engineering is an efficient and simple strategy to construct functional materials, especially for the exploitation of novel and multifunctional materials. Herein, we report two kinds of nucleic-acid-base cocrystal systems that imitate the strong hydrogen bond interactions constructed in the form of complementary base pairing. The two cocrystals studied exhibit different colors of phosphorescence from their monomeric counterparts and show the feature of rare high-temperature phosphorescence.

The Effect of Extract on Serum Metabolites of Angus Crossbreed Steers with Metabolomics.

This study was conducted to explore the potential effect of extract (YSE) on the metabolism of beef cattle. Thirty Angus crossbreed steers were selected, with an initial mean body weight of 506.6 ± 33.

Functional and evolutionary significance of unknown genes from uncultivated taxa.

Many of the Earth's microbes remain uncultured and understudied, limiting our understanding of the functional and evolutionary aspects of their genetic material, which remain largely overlooked in most metagenomic studies. Here we analysed 149,842 environmental genomes from multiple habitats and compiled a curated catalogue of 404,085 functionally and evolutionarily significant novel (FESNov) gene families exclusive to uncultivated prokaryotic taxa. All FESNov families span multiple species, exhibit strong signals of purifying selection and qualify as new orthologous groups, thus nearly tripling the number of bacterial and archaeal gene families described to date.

A multifunctional fluorescent sensor for Ag and Hg detection in seawater.

In order to detect Ag and Hg in seawater, we explored a multifunctional fluorescence sensor. A multifunctional Ag and Hg sensor was designed by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as quenching agent, PicoGreen dye as fluorescent probe of base pairing double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and combining the characteristics of Ag making C base mismatch and Hg making T base mismatch. Meanwhile, the DNA logic gate was constructed by establishing logic circuit, truth table, and logic formula.

Uncovering the substituted-position effect on excited-state evolution of benzophenone-phenothiazine dyads.

Photofunctional materials based on donor-acceptor molecules have drawn intense attention due to their unique optical properties. Importantly, Systematic investigation of substitution effects on excited-state charge transfer dynamics of donor-acceptor molecules is a powerful approach for identifying application-relevant design principles. Here, by coupling phenothiazine (PTZ) at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the benzene ring of benzophenone (BP), three regioisomeric BP-PTZ dyads were designed to understand the relationship between substituted positions and excited-state evolution channels.

Ultrafast excited-state energy dissipation pathway of diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) via the nanoparticles.

The organic UVA filter is popularized in sunscreen cosmetics due to the advantages of excellent light stability and high molar extinction coefficient. However, the poor water solubility of organic UV filters has been a common problem. Given that nanoparticles (NPs) can significantly improve the water solubility of organic chemicals.

Insights into the Photodynamics of Fluorescence Emission and Singlet Oxygen Generation of Fluorogen Activating Protein-Malachite Green Systems.

The self-assembled fluorogen activating protein (FAP)-malachite green (MG) complex is a well-established protein-ligand system, which can realize binding-caused fluorescence turn-on of MG and singlet oxygen ( O ) generation by MG iodination. To clarify the mechanism of fluorescence activation and O generation, the photodynamics of different halogen-substituted MG derivatives and their corresponding FAP-MG complexes were studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical computations. The results show that the rotation of MG is restricted by FAP binding, which prevents a rapid internal conversion to allow a longer lifetime for the excited MG to undergo fluorescence emission and intersystem crossing.

Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Study on the Photophysical and Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms of -Methylbenzophenone in Selected Solutions.

The photophysical and photochemical reaction pathways of -methylbenzophenone (-MeBP) in different solutions were investigated by employing femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption and nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy methods. In pure acetonitrile, neutral or pH 1 aqueous solutions, -MeBP exhibit similar excited-state evolutions upon excitation in which -MeBP will experience excitation to an excited state then undergo intersystem crossing and solvent arrangement followed by 1,5 hydrogen atom transfer processes to form the first singlet excited state, triplet state (n, π*), biradical intermediates, and enol form transients, respectively. However, in a pH 0 acidic solution, the protonation of -MeBP will form the cation biradical intermediate that facilitates radical coupling to generate a benzocyclobutanol product, which causes a dramatic reduction of the lifetime of the enol form transients.