Effect of salt and alkali on the viscoelastic behavior of noodle dough sheet with different wheat starch granule sizes.

The underlying mechanisms of salt and alkali on the viscoelastic behaviors of noodle dough sheets with varied B/A-type starch ratios were investigated from water state, protein polymerization and conformation, and microstructure. The viscoelastic behaviors of dough sheets increased with increasing B/A-type starch ratio, regardless of the presence of salt and alkali, indicating the addition of salt and alkali did not change the effect law of starch granule size on dough viscoelasticity. The viscoelastic moduli of dough decreased in the presence of salt and alkali, and the effect was more obvious as the ratio of B/A-type starch decreased, which was mainly determined by the interactions of protein-protein, protein-starch, and starch-starch in dough systems.

Recurrent neural network for trajectory tracking control of manipulator with unknown mass matrix.

Real-world robotic operations often face uncertainties that can impede accurate control of manipulators. This study proposes a recurrent neural network (RNN) combining kinematic and dynamic models to address this issue. Assuming an unknown mass matrix, the proposed method enables effective trajectory tracking for manipulators.

Chlorogenic Acid/Linoleic Acid-Fortified Wheat-Resistant Starch Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Gut Barrier Damage by Modulating Gut Metabolism.

This study aimed to investigate alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites mediated by wheat-resistant starch and its repair of gut barrier dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Structural data revealed that chlorogenic acid (CA)/linoleic acid (LA) functioned through noncovalent interactions to form a more ordered structure and fortify antidigestibility in wheat starch (WS)-CA/LA complexes; the resistant starch (RS) contents of WS-CA, WS-LA, and WS-CA-LA complexes were 23.40 ± 1.

Transport and risk of airborne pathogenic microorganisms in the process of decentralized sewage discharge and treatment.

Sewage treatment processes are a critical anthropogenic source of bioaerosols and may present significant health risks to plant workers. Compared with the specialization and scale of urban sewage treatment, many decentralized treatment models are flexible and extensive. These treatment facilities are usually close to residential areas owing to the pipe network layout and other restrictions.

Mendelian randomization: causal inference leveraging genetic data.

Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic information to examine the causal relationship between phenotypes allowing for the presence of unmeasured confounders. MR has been widely applied to unresolved questions in epidemiology, making use of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on an increasing number of human traits. However, an understanding of essential concepts is necessary for the appropriate application and interpretation of MR.

Pre-dry heat treatment alters the structure and ultimate in vitro digestibility of wheat starch-lipids complex in hot-extrusion 3D printing.

Herein, we proposed dry heat treatment (DHT) as a pre-treatment method for modifying printed materials, with a particular focus on its application in the control of starch-lipid interactions during hot-extrusion 3D printing (HE-3DP). The results showed that pre-DHT could promote the complexation of wheat starch (WS) and oleic acid (OA)/corn oil (CO) during HE-3DP and thus increase the resistant starch (RS) content. From the structural perspectives, pre-DHT could break starch molecular chains into lower relative molecular weight which enhanced the starch-lipids hydrophobic interactions to form the V-type crystalline structure during HE-3DP.

Introduction of chlorogenic acid into thermal processed starch- oleic acid system controls the ordered structure and inhibits oleic acid oxidation through molecular interactions.

In this study, the effects of starch- oleic acid (OA)- chlorogenic acid (CA) molecular interaction on OA oxidation during thermal processing were investigated based on structural analysis, oxidation characteristics and quantum calculations. The results showed that in the ternary system, on the one hand, OA could enter the spiral cavity of starch through hydrophobic forces and form V-type crystalline structure, which delayed its oxidation. On the other hand, CA could further inhibit the oxidation of OA through free radical reaction and did not affect the molecular interactions between OA and starch due to the steric hindrance and hydrophily.

Reciprocal causation mixture model for robust Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-scale summary data.

Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics has become a popular method to infer causal relationships across complex diseases. However, the widespread pleiotropy observed in GWAS has made the selection of valid instrumental variables problematic, leading to possible violations of Mendelian randomization assumptions and thus potentially invalid inferences concerning causation. Furthermore, current MR methods can examine causation in only one direction, so that two separate analyses are required for bi-directional analysis.

Susceptibility of polymorphisms to Hirschsprung's disease in southern Chinese children.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is currently considered to be a congenital gastrointestinal malformation caused mainly by genetic factors. Endothelin Converting Enzyme-1 () has been reported to be associated with HSCR. However, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs169884 and HSCR in the southern Chinese population remains unknown.

A multiple detection method for distinguishing gene mutations based on melting curves of extended quenching probes.

Conventional PCR methods can detect only a few targets simultaneously and do not fulfill most clinical requirements, especially those for detecting plasma circulating DNA. By designing characteristic universal fluorescent probes, combining multiplex PCR with the invasive reaction, and analyzing the resulting differences in the melting curves formed by extension with double-stranded probes, we developed a new method to distinguish between three mutations in the same fluorescent channel and nine mutations in three fluorescent channels in a single tube. After optimization, this method was used to distinguish between 27 mutations using only three reactions, and mutations representing as low as 0.

Polygenic power calculator: Statistical power and polygenic prediction accuracy of genome-wide association studies of complex traits.

Power calculation is a necessary step when planning genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to ensure meaningful findings. Statistical power of GWAS depends on the genetic architecture of phenotype, sample size, and study design. While several computer programs have been developed to perform power calculation for single SNP association testing, it might be more appropriate for GWAS power calculation to address the probability of detecting any number of associated SNPs.

Effect of starch-catechin interaction on regulation of starch digestibility during hot-extrusion 3D printing: Structural analysis and simulation study.

Recent developments of hot-extrusion 3D printing (HE-3DP) have made it possible to manipulate starch digestibility. This work investigated the regulating mechanism of starch-catechin (EC) interactions on rice starch digestibility during HE-3DP by using modern analytical techniques and computational models. The results showed that the HE-3DP processing with starch-EC interactions could significantly decrease the starch digestibility (p < 0.

Metal Hydrides with In Situ Built Electron/Ion Dual-Conductive Framework for Stable All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries.

Due to their high theoretical specific capacity, metal hydrides are considered to be one of the most promising anode material for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Their practical application suffers, however, from the poor cycling stability and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we report the in situ fabrication of MgH and MgNiH that are uniformly space-confined by inactive NdH frameworks with high Li-ion and electron conductivity through facile hydrogenation of single-phase NdMgNi alloys.

Control of starch-lipid interactions on starch digestibility during hot-extrusion 3D printing for starchy foods.

The nutritional design of personalized starchy foods has become a research hotspot in the field of food science. Driven by the immense functional and nutritional implications of starch-lipid binary interactions, this study is aimed at designing starch digestibility by controlling the interaction between starch and glycerol monostearate (GMS)/stearic acid (SA) using a hot-extrusion 3D printing (HE-3DP) environment. The results indicated that the thermal shear force in the HE-3DP environment promoted hydrophobic interactions between starch and lipids, forming a V-type starch-lipid complex with a compact and ordered structure, thus enhancing enzymatic resistance.

Bioleaching Performance of Titanium from Bauxite Residue Under a Continuous Mode Using Penicillium Tricolor.

The present study performed a continuous mode of bioleaching to investigate the leaching efficiency of Titanium (Ti) from bauxite residue using Penicillium Tricolor at between 4% and 12% pulp densities during a 120-day running. Obtained results of the current study showed that increased pulp density led to a decrease in biomass, dissolved oxygen, and amount of leaching Ti as well as an increase in pH value. Further, it was found that efficiency of bioleaching can be enhanced by increasing the rate of aeration, retention time, and concentration of carbon source.

Visualizing Graph Neural Networks With CorGIE: Corresponding a Graph to Its Embedding.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of powerful machine learning tools that model node relations for making predictions of nodes or links. GNN developers rely on quantitative metrics of the predictions to evaluate a GNN, but similar to many other neural networks, it is difficult for them to understand if the GNN truly learns characteristics of a graph as expected. We propose an approach to corresponding an input graph to its node embedding (aka latent space), a common component of GNNs that is later used for prediction.

Numerical study of transverse position monitor and compensation for x-ray polarization diagnosis.

Diagnosing free electron laser (FEL) polarization is critical for polarization-modulated research such as x-ray FEL diffraction imaging and probing material magnetism. In an electron time-of-flight (eTOF) polarimeter, the flight time and angular distribution of photoelectrons were designed based on x-ray polarimetry for on-site diagnosis. However, the transverse position of x-ray FEL pulses introduces error into the measured photoelectron angular distribution.

Effect of stearic acid on the microstructural, rheological and 3D printing characteristics of rice starch.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of the microstructural, rheological and printing properties of rice starch-stearic acid (SA) paste during the hot-extrusion 3D printing (HE-3DP). The results showed that starch chains could complex with SA to form V-type crystalline structure and its molecular kinematic behaviors were changed under shear force, and crystalline structure were then embedded and rearranged to constitute an ordered sea-island structure, thus improving the rigidity and dynamic storage modulus of network structure, leading to the increased layer number. Interestingly, with the increase of SA addition, the network structure became weakened and the viscosity decreased which might due to the destroyed continuity and the breaking of entanglement and hydrogen bonding between starch chains, and finally impairing the printing accuracy of objects.

Up-regulation of circRNA_0068481 promotes right ventricular hypertrophy in PAH patients via regulating miR-646/miR-570/miR-885.

CircRNA-0068481 and several miRNAs are important in the pathogenesis of right ventricular hypertrophy (VH), while the inhibition of eye absent transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3 (EYA3) was proved to reverse vascular remodelling in rats. In this study, we tried to study the diagnostic value and mechanistic role of circRNA_0068481 in the diagnosis of RVH in PAH patients. qPCR was done to measure circRNA-0068481, miR-646, miR-750, miR-885 and EYA3 mRNA expression.

The support of genetic evidence for cardiovascular risk induced by antineoplastic drugs.

Cardiovascular dysfunction is one of the most common complications of long-term cancer treatment. Growing evidence has shown that antineoplastic drugs can increase cardiovascular risk during cancer therapy, seriously affecting patient survival. However, little is known about the genetic factors associated with the cardiovascular risk of antineoplastic drugs.

Coronary heart disease is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients without hypertension and diabetes.

This study was performed to explore the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients without hypertension and diabetes with a focus on predicting CHD.In total, 78 consecutive patients without hypertension and diabetes who were suspected of CHD underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or computed tomography CAG. They were segregated into the CHD and non-CHD group according to the CAG or computed tomography angiography results.

Ultrasensitive monitoring of DNA damage associated with free radicals exposure using dynamic carbon nanotubes bridged interdigitated electrode array.

There are currently increasingly concerns over DNA damage related to free radicals due to their vital roles in human health, especially high-performance detection method. Herein, we report an ultra- sensitive monitoring of DNA damage associated with free radicals exposure using interdigitated electrode (IDE) array for the first time. The proposed IDE array was equipped with DNA-wrapped carbon nanotube-based bridges, which utilized the DNA damage mechanism due to the free radicals' attack and the efficient electrical detection nature of the interdigitated electrode.