Compact Expansion of a Repulsive Suspension.

Short-range repulsion governs the dynamics of matter from atoms to animals. Using theory, simulations, and experiments, we find that an ensemble of repulsive particles spreads compactly with a sharp boundary, in contrast to the diffusive spreading of Brownian particles. Starting from the pair interactions, at high densities, the many-body dynamics follow nonlinear diffusion with a self-similar expansion, growing as t^{1/4}; At longer times, thermal motion dominates with the classic t^{1/2} expansion.

Are reduced fetal movements "merely" a maternal perception or truly a reflection of umbilical cord complications? A clinical trial.

Objective: To characterize obstetric outcomes and the association with umbilical cord (UC) complications among women complaining of reduced fetal movements (RFMs).

Methods: This retrospective cohort compared women with a perception of RFMs within 2 weeks prior to delivery with women who reported no changes in fetal movements in terms of maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. A primary outcome of UC complications at delivery was defined.

Reconfiguration, Interrupted Aging, and Enhanced Dynamics of a Colloidal Gel Using Photoswitchable Active Doping.

We study quasi-2D gels made of a colloidal network doped with Janus particles activated by light. Following the gel formation, we monitor both the structure and dynamics before, during, and after the activation period. Before activity is switched on, the gel is slowly aging.

Hydrodynamic spin-orbit coupling in asynchronous optically driven micro-rotors.

Vortical flows of rotating particles describe interactions ranging from molecular machines to atmospheric dynamics. Yet to date, direct observation of the hydrodynamic coupling between artificial micro-rotors has been restricted by the details of the chosen drive, either through synchronization (using external magnetic fields) or confinement (using optical tweezers). Here we present a new active system that illuminates the interplay of rotation and translation in free rotors.

Difference between zoom-based online versus classroom lesson plan performances in creativity and metacognition during COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 crisis has forced education systems around the world to switch hurriedly from learning in class to learning via online technology. One of the common platforms worldwide for teaching online was zoom. Working under uncertain conditions and facing rapid changes are characteristics of the twenty-first century.

Morphological computation and decentralized learning in a swarm of sterically interacting robots.

Whereas naturally occurring swarms thrive when crowded, physical interactions in robotic swarms are either avoided or carefully controlled, thus limiting their operational density. Here, we present a mechanical design rule that allows robots to act in a collision-dominated environment. We introduce Morphobots, a robotic swarm platform developed to implement embodied computation through a morpho-functional design.

First understand the context and then look at the graph - the effect of attentional guidance on cognitive linear graph processing?

Purpose: Many studies have investigated the effect of signaling on graph processing, but not the effect of a question's timing as attentional guidance (AG). We investigated how the AG, task level, and visual load affect graph processing, among university students.

Design: We developed a graph processing task.

Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.

Methods: A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Hyperuniformity and phase enrichment in vortex and rotor assemblies.

Ensembles of particles rotating in a two-dimensional fluid can exhibit chaotic dynamics yet develop signatures of hidden order. Such rotors are found in the natural world spanning vastly disparate length scales - from the rotor proteins in cellular membranes to models of atmospheric dynamics. Here we show that an initially random distribution of either driven rotors in a viscous membrane, or ideal vortices with minute perturbations, spontaneously self assemble into a distinct arrangement.

Cooperation in a fluid swarm of fuel-free micro-swimmers.

While motile bacteria display rich dynamics in dense colonies, the phoretic nature of artificial micro-swimmers restricts their activity when crowded. Here we introduce a new class of synthetic micro-swimmers that are driven solely by light. By coupling a light absorbing particle to a fluid droplet we produce a colloidal chimera that transforms optical power into propulsive thermo-capillary action.

Microchemomechanical devices using DNA hybridization.

The programmability of DNA oligonucleotides has led to sophisticated DNA nanotechnology and considerable research on DNA nanomachines powered by DNA hybridization. Here, we investigate an extension of this technology to the micrometer-colloidal scale, in which observations and measurements can be made in real time/space using optical microscopy and holographic optical tweezers. We use semirigid DNA origami structures, hinges with mechanical advantage, self-assembled into a nine-hinge, accordion-like chemomechanical device, with one end anchored to a substrate and a colloidal bead attached to the other end.

Electronic decision support and diarrhoeal disease guideline adherence (mHDM): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Acute diarrhoeal disease management often requires rehydration alone without antibiotics. However, non-indicated antibiotics are frequently ordered and this is an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. The mHealth Diarrhoea Management (mHDM) trial aimed to establish whether electronic decision support improves rehydration and antibiotic guideline adherence in resource-limited settings.

An ethnographic exploration of diarrheal disease management in public hospitals in Bangladesh: From problems to solutions.

Introduction: Diarrheal disease is one of the most common causes of hospital admission globally. The barriers that influence guideline-adherent care at resource limited hospitals are poorly defined, especially during diarrheal disease outbreaks. The objective of this study was to characterize challenges faced in diarrheal disease management in resource-limited hospitals and identify opportunities to improve care.

Mix and match-a versatile equilibrium approach for hybrid colloidal synthesis.

Colloidal synthesis is a powerful bottom-up approach for programmed self-assembly which holds promise for both research and industry. While diverse, each synthetic process is typically restricted to a specific chemistry. Many applications however require composite materials, whereas a chemical equilibrium can typically only match one material but not the other.

Epidemiology of Cholera in Bangladesh: Findings From Nationwide Hospital-based Surveillance, 2014-2018.

Background: Despite advances in prevention, detection, and treatment, cholera remains a major public health problem in Bangladesh and little is known about cholera outside of limited historical sentinel surveillance sites. In Bangladesh, a comprehensive national cholera control plan is essential, although national data are needed to better understand the magnitude and geographic distribution of cholera.

Methods: We conducted systematic hospital-based cholera surveillance among diarrhea patients in 22 sites throughout Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018.

Second Trimester Biochemical Markers as Possible Predictors of Pathological Placentation: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between second trimester biochemical markers and pathological placentation.

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study (2007-2014) of singleton gestations at a university-affiliated tertiary center. Women with pathologic placentation were subdivided into three groups: placenta accreta (group A), placenta previa (group B), or both (group C).

Field evaluation of a locally produced rapid diagnostic test for early detection of cholera in Bangladesh.

Background: Cholera remains a substantial health burden in Asia and Africa particularly in resource poor settings. The standard procedures to identify the etiological organism V. cholerae are isolation from microbiological culture from stool as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Self-assembled three-dimensional chiral colloidal architecture.

Although stereochemistry has been a central focus of the molecular sciences since Pasteur, its province has previously been restricted to the nanometric scale. We have programmed the self-assembly of micron-sized colloidal clusters with structural information stemming from a nanometric arrangement. This was done by combining DNA nanotechnology with colloidal science.

Automatic High Frequency Monitoring for Improved Lake and Reservoir Management.

Recent technological developments have increased the number of variables being monitored in lakes and reservoirs using automatic high frequency monitoring (AHFM). However, design of AHFM systems and posterior data handling and interpretation are currently being developed on a site-by-site and issue-by-issue basis with minimal standardization of protocols or knowledge sharing. As a result, many deployments become short-lived or underutilized, and many new scientific developments that are potentially useful for water management and environmental legislation remain underexplored.

Remodelling of the hepatic epigenetic landscape of glucose-intolerant rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by nutritional status and dietary carbohydrates.

The rainbow trout, a carnivorous fish, displays a 'glucose-intolerant' phenotype revealed by persistent hyperglycaemia when fed a high carbohydrate diet (HighCHO). Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene activity and is closely related to environmental changes and thus to metabolism adjustments governed by nutrition. In this study we first assessed in the trout liver whether and how nutritional status affects global epigenome modifications by targeting DNA methylation and histone marks previously reported to be affected in metabolic diseases.

Effect of Teriparatide on Bone Formation in the Human Femoral Neck.

Purpose: Teriparatide (TPTD) improves bone mass and microstructure resulting in reduced risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. However, hip bone mineral density improvements are modest and there are no data confirming that TPTD reduces hip fracture risk. To study the effects of TPTD on the proximal femur, we performed a double-blind trial of TPTD vs placebo (PBO) in patients with osteoarthritis from whom femoral neck (FN) samples were obtained at total hip replacement (THR) surgery.

Eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, weight change and DMPA use predict bone density change in college-aged women.

Introduction: There are limited longitudinal studies that have evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) changes in college-aged women. Our objective was to simultaneously evaluate factors influencing 4-year BMD change.

Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study of healthy, physically active women in the US Military Academy (n=91; average age=18.

Using detailed monitoring data to simulate spatial sediment loading in a watershed.

The use of watershed models as cost-effective tools to quantify the impact of conservation practices on water quality is often constrained by lack of data for model parameterization. This study uses short-term (3 years) detailed monitoring data to guide spatially distributed model parameterization and modeling analysis for suspended sediment in the Upper Esopus Creek Watershed (UECW) that is part of the New York City water supply. The calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model simulated suspended sediment loading from tributary sub-basins and at the watershed outlet that were comparable to field measurements.

Daily or Cyclical Teriparatide Treatment in Women With Osteoporosis on no Prior Therapy and Women on Alendronate.

Context: Intermittent 3-month cyclic administration might optimize the anabolic potential of teriparatide (TPTD).

Objective: To determine whether 3-month cyclical TPTD would produce a similar bone mineral density (BMD) response to daily therapy in treatment naive (Rx-naive) women and to confirm the results in alendronate (ALN)-treated (ALN-Rx) women over 24 months.

Design: Subjects participated in a randomized open-label study for 2 years.