[Comparative study of the hemato-protective effect of Dicarbamine and Leykostime in experimental radiation damage to the blood system].

There was studied the influence Dicarbamine and Leykostime on peripheral blood leukocyte composition of rabbits in experimental radiogenic damage to the blood system. Dicarbamine significantly insured the safety of circulating red blood cells, prevented the development of severe postradiation thrombocytopenia, reduced postradiation leukocytopenia, and accelerated the recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes to the initial level by segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. Leukostime ensured the safety of peripheral blood leukocytes however was less effective than Dicarbamine to prevent postradiation deficit of circulating red blood cells and thrombocytes.

[Modification of hematosupressive action of ionizing radiation by dicarbamine].

There was studied the effect of different doses of Dicarbamine by means of oral medical-prophylactic and medical administration on the peripheral blood of rabbits in conditions of experimental radiation damage to the blood system. The drug provided the safety of circulating red blood cells at rather high level, prevented the development of severe post-radiation thrombocytopenia, reduced post-radiation leukocytopenia, accelerated processes of recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes to the initial level by segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes.

[On the question of the development of medical-economic standard of diagnostics of oncologic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract in outpatient clinics of Saint Petersburg].

The authors investigated general principles and specific development of medico-economic standard-based data-processing system, "Expert-MES", for early diagnosis of tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The method of calculating the actual cost of diagnostic measures is demonstrated with regard to necessary volumes. The possibilities of monitoring the implementation of MES in request of patients for examination in outpatient clinics are evaluated.

[Hematoprotective effectiveness of dicarbamin in experimental post-radiation bone marrow syndrome].

The effect of dicarbamin on cellular composition of rabbits' venous blood in experimental post-radiation bone marrow syndrome was studied. The dicarbamin use has allowed to reduce depth and to shorten the duration of post-radiation leukocytopenia.

Rotational spin Hall effect in a uniaxial crystal.

We have considered the propagation process of the phase-matched array of singular beams through a uniaxial crystal. We have revealed that local beams in the array are rotated when propagating. However the right and left rotations are unequal.

[Effect of dicarbamine on medullary hemopoiesis in experimental post-irradiation bone-marrow syndrome].

The effect of dicarbamine on hemopoiesis in experimental post-irradiation bone-marrow syndrome was studied. The myeloprotective activity of the drug was established. It manifested in the protection of hematopoietic progenitor cells and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the bone marrow.

Subwave spikes of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beams in a uniaxial crystal.

We have theoretically predicted gigantic spikes of orbital angular momentum caused by conversion processes of the centered optical vortex in the circularly polarized components of an elliptic vortex beam propagating perpendicularly to the crystal optical axis. We have experimentally observed the conversion process inside subwave deviations of the crystal length. We have found that the total orbital angular momentum of the wave beam is conserved.

[Effect of dicarbamin on postradiation leukocyte composition dynamics in peripheral blood of mice].

Effects of dicarbamin on the post-irradiation dynamics of leukocyte composition in the peripheral blood of mice have been studied upon oral administration of the drug in a single dose of 0.5, 5.0, 15.

[Chronic inflammation of mucous membranes: integration of immunity and regeneration].

Lymphoid tissue of mucous membranes is a morphological basis for local immunity. Lymphocytes of mucous membranes are bifunctional: reception of antigenic information and regulation of epithelial cells regeneration. The following structural manifestations of intercellular interactions are discussed: expression of HLA-DR antigens by the epithelium and endotheliocytes transforming them into "facultative" antigen-presenting cells; polyclonal plasmocyte proliferation; the exchange of their prevailing IgA phenotype for IgG; cytotoxic and cytogenetic effect of the interepithelial lymphocytes.

[The morphogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis in light of the new data on virus replication].

The analysis of the RNA virus spread of tick encephalitis in the course of infection has been performed. The virus RNA is detectable first, (as early as one day after the infection) in the lymph nodes. Later it is retained in the cells of T-dependent areas.

[Epithelial barrier of mucous membranes in the course of chronic inflammation].

The barrier function of the epithelium was studied immunohistochemically, electron microscopically and autoradiographically in 105 bronchial biopsies and 1140 biopsies of the stomach and intestinal mucosa in the course of chronic inflammation. The role of the transitory and local deficiency of SIgA and immunocomplex reactions in the morphogenesis of the permeability increase of the epithelial barrier in inflammation was established. Structural equivalents of the plastic deficiency appearing in the chronization of the inflammation and reflecting the distortion and exhaustion of the regeneration and immunity reaction as a basis of atrophy were demonstrated in the epitheliocytes and immunocompetent cells.

[Postgraduate instruction and certification in the system of the continuing education of pathologists].

The experience in changing pathology service, postgraduate training and attestation in the system of continuous education of pathologists is presented. The authors analysed different ways of pathologist training: specialization in subinternship, internship and clinical internship, short-term courses, at places of work and outpatient problem seminars, etc. The four-year program of pathologist training is suggested.

[Pulmonary microcirculatory bed and alveolar tissue in the postresuscitation period].

Structural changes in alveolar lung tissue microcirculatory bed and circulatory disturbances (edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis) were studied in postresuscitation period after experimental clinical death following acute hemorrhage and mechanical asphyxia. Circulatory disturbances proved essential in the pathogenesis of postresuscitation respiratory insufficiency, follow a stepwise pattern and in early postresuscitation (up to 7 days) are pathogenetically associated with coagulopathic changes. There are periods of primary, marked and delayed disturbances, and the period of reparative changes which may cover up to 30 days since resuscitation.

[Immunological reactions of the bronchial mucosa in the morphogenesis of chronic bronchitis].

Local immunity was studied using biopsy specimens obtained during bronchoscopy in 93 patients with various forms of chronic bronchitis. Reduced IgA synthesis and increased IgG synthesis by plasma cells of the lamina propria of bronchial mucosa were demonstrated, and the augmented IgG production along with penetration of various antigens into the lamina propria were shown to be responsible for a local immune-complex reaction involving the microcirculatory bed and resulting in perivascular sclerosis. The damaging and sclerosing processes that repeatedly occur in bronchial mucosa disrupt the epithelial-stromal linkages and interfere with the differentiation of surface epithelium.

[Structural basis of impairment of the external respiratory function in the post-resuscitation period].

External enhancement of free-radical processes followed by considerable tissue accumulation of toxic lipid peroxidation products in an early postresuscitation period is the main pathochemical mechanism which causes lung air-blood barrier disturbance. The basis of animal respiratory insufficiency morphogenesis after clinical death is ventilation failure (dis- and atelectasis), circulation disorder (edema, hemorrhage) being secondary. However, morphological examination of lungs of animals after four-minutes clinical death from an acute blood loss and resuscitation showed that it is the severity of circulation disorders that determines the animals condition in the postresuscitation period.

[Contact-free determination of the degree of blood filling of human organs and parts of the body at different depths in local regions].

By using the Eddy current rheograph one can measure the level of the blood supply to human organs or body parts at three different depths in local zones as well as study the blood flow in organs in the course of surgery and in the early postsurgical period directly from the area of surgical intervention. Measurements may be performed when applying the unit on dressing and bandages.

[Methodological trend in the teaching of pathological anatomy].

On the basis of fundamental concepts of the materialist dialectics and principles of morphological determinism the methodological analysis of the morphofunctional relations in normal and pathological conditions is given, the key concepts of native theory of pathology are presented. The erroneous philosophical concepts (mechanistic determinism and conditionalism , empirism and positivism ) are evaluated critically. The authors, using concrete examples, give the leading principles and the most important forms of teaching at the pathology departments of medical institutes.

[Morphogenesis of chronic granulomatous inflammation in relation to the variability of the biological properties of the causative agent].

The relationship between morphogenesis of granuloma and biological properties of an infectious agent was studied on the model of experimental brucellosis induced by the R strain of Brucella abortus bovis. The inflammatory reaction in the animals infested with the R-strain of Brucella was found to be considerably reduced: the granulomas were smaller and had an appearance of focal accumulations of mononuclear phagocytes without a tendency for transformation into epithelioid and multinuclear giant cells which is typical of the "Bang granulomas" induced by the S-strain of Brucella. This poorly manifested granulomatosis was accompanied by a low level of the cell-mediated immunity.

[Structural basis of functional heart failure during the postresuscitation period].

Light and electron microscopic study of the myocardium of dogs two weeks after clinical death caused by the loss of blood was carried out and showed that the structural bases of the myocardium contractile function insufficiency during the postresuscitation period included the damage of the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes (microlysis and fragmentation of myofibrils, deformation of Z-bands, relaxation of sacromeres) and marked lysis of the sacrotubular system leading to the violation of the excitation-contraction coupling. Cardiomyocyte damages are associated with changes in the microcirculatory channel causing the worsening of transcapillary exchange that provides the tissue homeostasis.

[Morphological methods in evaluating immunity levels in infections diseases].

Examinations of the lymphoid tissue and values of productive inflammation (granulomatosis) are most informative in the assessment of immunity intensity in infectious diseases. Histochemical, enzyme-morphological, immunohistochemical studies done by light and electron microscopy with quantitation of the results (morphometry) determine in great detail the dynamics of immunity, formation of the secondary immunological insufficiency, development of immune response deficiency to a definite bacterial antigen. Currently these methods are used only for solution of particular problems.