Investigations of motor performance with neuromodulation and exoskeleton using leader-follower modality: a tDCS study.

This study investigates how the combination of robot-mediated haptic interaction and cerebellar neuromodulation can improve task performance and promote motor skill development in healthy individuals using a robotic exoskeleton worn on the index finger. The authors propose a leader-follower type of mirror game where participants can follow a leader in a two-dimensional virtual reality environment while the exoskeleton tracks the index finger motion using an admittance filter. The game requires two primary learning phases: the initial phase focuses on mastering the pinching interface, while the second phase centers on predicting the leader's movements.

The effect of foot somatosensory loss in postural control during Functional reach test in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy: A controlled study.

Background: In patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), differences in postural control due to losing the lower limb somatosensory information were reported. However, it is still unclear by which mechanisms the dynamic postural instability is caused.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate postural control differences and neuromuscular adaptations resulting from foot somatosensory loss due to DPN.

Evaluation of handgrip strength in children with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Handgrip strength is a crucial indicator of upper extremity muscular strength and is vital for monitoring disorders like cardiac diseases that restrict a patient's physical activity and result in muscle atrophy. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether muscle strength loss is present in patients with pulmonary hypertension and whether this test can be an alternative to 6-minute walk test.

Materials And Methods: The study included 39 healthy children who were admitted to the outpatient clinic and 16 children with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension who were being followed in our centre.

The Diagnostic Role of Adding the Hoffman Reflex for L5 Radiculopathy in the Electrodiagnostic Laboratory: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: To investigate changes in the H-reflex in patients with monoradiculopathies involving L5 or S1 levels by stimulating the sciatic nerve and recording simultaneously from the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and soleus (S) muscles.

Methods: Patients with unilateral radicular back pain with L5 or S1 root compression on MRI, participated in this cross-sectional study. The H-reflex over the TA, PL, and S muscles was simultaneously recorded by sciatic nerve stimulation.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Toddlers' Regional Foot Pressure Distribution and Center of Pressure at Antero-Posterior Axis During Learning of Standing.

We investigated quiet stance of newly standing toddlers every three months (trimesters) of their second year of life. Their anteroposterior center-of-pressure (CoPx) velocity and centroidal frequency (CFREQ: 2.36 ± 0.

Current developments in surface electromyography.

Background/aim: Surface electromyography (surface EMG) is a primary technique to detect the electrical activities of muscles through surface electrodes. In recent years, surface EMG applications have grown from conventional fields into new fields. However, there is a gap between the progress in the research of surface EMG and its clinical acceptance, characterized by the translational knowledge and skills in the widespread use of surface EMG among the clinician community.

How did intraoperative neuromonitorization prevent tetraplegia?

Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) have many risk factors for myelopathy and paresis. These are spinal cord compression, bone stenosis, and soft tissue thickening with ligament laxity, deformity, odontoid hypoplasia, and atlantoaxial instability. Although most patients with MPS IVA appear generally healthy at birth, patients often show skeletal deformities within a few years.

3D Printed Biodegradable Polyurethaneurea Elastomer Recapitulates Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function.

Effective skeletal muscle tissue engineering relies on control over the scaffold architecture for providing muscle cells with the required directionality, together with a mechanical property match with the surrounding tissue. Although recent advances in 3D printing fulfill the first requirement, the available synthetic polymers either are too rigid or show unfavorable surface and degradation profiles for the latter. In addition, natural polymers that are generally used as hydrogels lack the required mechanical stability to withstand the forces exerted during muscle contraction.

Consensus recommendations for botulinum toxin injections in the spasticity management of children with cerebral palsy during COVID-19 outbreak.

Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in cerebral palsy (CP). Lockdown in the COVID-19 outbreak has profoundly changed daily routines, and similarly caused the suspension of spasticity treatment plans. Besides, the delay in botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, which is important in the management of focal spasticity, led to some problems in children.

The utility of shear wave elastography in the evaluation of muscle stiffness in patients with cerebral palsy after botulinum toxin A injection.

Purpose: The first aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (GM) after a botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using shear wave elastography (SWE). We also wanted to investigate the usability of SWE for evaluating spasticity in a clinical setting. The second aim of this study was to show how treatment of the gastrocnemius muscle spasticity caused a change in the elasticity of the anterior tibial (TA) muscle.

Peripheral axonal excitability in hemiplegia related to subacute stroke.

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate peripheral nerve excitability in patients with subacute stroke.

Materials And Methods: Thestudy was performed in 29 stroke patients within the subacute period and 29 healthy controls using QTRAC software and TRONDNF protocol. The threshold electrotonus, recovery cycle, stimulus-response, strength-duration, and current-threshold relationships were recorded.

Bilateral pan-plexus lesion after substance use: A case report.

Peripheral nervous system complications such as acute demyelinating polyradiculopathy and mononeuropathy may rarely develop after substance use. A 27-year-old man used illegal drugs the day before his admission to the emergency service. Initially, he was suspected for rhabdomyolysis, due to elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase levels.

A novel approach to the diagnostic assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome based on the frequency domain of the compound muscle action potential.

Conventional electrophysiological (EP) tests may yield ambiguous or false-negative results in some patients with signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Therefore, researchers tend to investigate new parameters to improve the sensitivity and specificity of EP tests. We aimed to investigate the mean and maximum power of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) as a novel diagnostic parameter, by evaluating diagnosis and classification performance using the supervised Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) network models.

Anticipatory effect of execution on observation: an approach using ExoPinch finger robot.

Background/aim: This study aims to explore the mirror neuron system (MNS) involvement using mu (8–12 Hz)/beta (15–25 Hz) band suppression in an action observation-execution paradigm.

Materials And Methods: Electrophysiological (EEG) data from 16 electrodes were recorded while 8 participants observed video clips of a hand squeezing a spring. Specifically, the effect of anticipated execution on observation was studied.

Comparison of Interpolation Methods in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on clinical symptoms, examination findings, and electrodiagnostic studies. For carpal tunnel syndrome, the most useful of these are nerve conduction studies. However, nerve conduction studie can result in ambiguous or false-negative results, particularly for mild carpal tunnel syndrome.

Analysis of mirror neuron system activation during action observation alone and action observation with motor imagery tasks.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between action observation (AO)-related corticomotor excitability changes and phases of observed action and to explore the effects of pure AO and concurrent AO and motor imagery (MI) state on corticomotor excitability using TMS. It was also investigated whether the mirror neuron system activity is muscle-specific. Fourteen healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study.

Using fuzzy logic for diagnosis and classification of spasticity.

Background/aim: Spasticity is generally defined as a sensory-motor control disorder. However, there is no pathophysiological mechanism or appropriate measurement and evaluation standards that can explain all aspects of a possible spasticity occurrence. The objective of this study is to develop a fuzzy logic classifier (FLC) diagnosis system, in which a quantitative evaluation is performed by surface electromyography (EMG), and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity.

The Effect of Albumin and Platelet-Poor Plasma Supplemented Botulinum A Toxin on Bioavaliability: An Experimental Rabbit Model.

Today, botulinum toxin is commonly used for cosmetic purposes throughout the world. Despite various agents reducing the efficiency of toxin are well defined, the studies related to increasing the bioavailability are limited. The purpose of our study is to assess the effect of the preparation of toxin by diluting with platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and/or albumin instead of standard dilution (saline) on bioavailability in cosmetic-purpose botulinum toxin applications.

Comparison of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring efficacy in early childhood and school aged children undergoing spinal surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (MIONM) in children below and over 6 years of age.

Methods: 43 children, diagnosed with spinal pathologies were divided into two cohorts according to their age and enrolled in the study. Those under the age of 6 consisted group A, whereas those between the age of 6 and 11 consisted group B.

Effect of Kinesio taping on elbow muscle strength in healthy individuals: A randomized trial1.

Introduction: The effect of the application of kinesiotape on muscle strength is still uncertain. This trial represents the first randomized-controlled trial to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of kinesiotape application on triceps muscle strength in healthy subjects.

Method: The trial was randomized and placebo-controlled.

Overactive bladder symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: Frequency, severity, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To determine the frequency and severity as well as the diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder problems in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) followed up at five centers in Turkey.

Design: Survey study.

Setting: Outpatient tertiary clinics of physical medicine and rehabilitation and neurology.

The Inhibitory Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Botulinum Toxin Type-A: An Experimental Study in Rabbits.

Background: Combination treatments of botulinum toxin type-A and other rejuvenation agents or instruments are gradually becoming more popular. After observing a high incidence of therapy failure following simultaneous applications of botulinum toxin type-A and platelet-rich plasma mesotherapy, we aimed to investigate whether PRP has an inhibitory effect on botulinum toxin type-A.

Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups, and the anterior auricular muscle and overlying skin were used for injections.

Femoral nerve injury following a lumbar plexus blockade.

Background: Lumbar plexus blockade (LPB) combined with sciatic nerve block (SNB) is frequently used for lower extremity surgery. Perioperative nerve injury is a rarely encountered complication of peripheral nerve blocks (PNB).

Case Report: Here we report a 44-year-old male patient who developed a partial femoral nerve injury (FNI) following a LPB which was performed before the surgery of a patellar fracture.

Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation may decrease pain in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the optimal method to administer the local anaesthetic is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the optimal local anaesthetic agent, the optimal timing, and the optimal delivery method of the local anaesthetic agent used for intraperitoneal instillation in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.