Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort.

COVID-19 vaccination strategies, including heterologous prime-boost regimens and additional booster doses, aim to optimize immune responses. However, seroepidemiological studies on immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccine types and schedules remain limited. This study investigated antibody levels following homologous and heterologous prime-and-boost COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh.

Convergent gene losses and pseudogenizations in multiple lineages of stomachless fishes.

The regressive evolution of independent lineages often results in convergent phenotypes. Several teleost groups display secondary loss of the stomach, and four gastric genes, atp4a, atp4b, pgc, and pga2 have been co-deleted in agastric (stomachless) fish. Analyses of genotypic convergence among agastric fishes showed that four genes, slc26a9, kcne2, cldn18a, and vsig1, were co-deleted or pseudogenized in most agastric fishes of the four major groups.

Adsorption Characteristics of Allura Red AC onto Sawdust and Hexadecylpyridinium Bromide-Treated Sawdust in Aqueous Solution.

The Allura red AC (ARAC) dye adsorption onto natural sawdust (NSD) and hexadecylpyridinium bromide-treated sawdust (MSD) was investigated in aqueous solution as a function of contact time, solution pH, particle size, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, temperature, and ionic strength. The adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction crystallography. The dye adsorption onto both adsorbents was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles as Potent Therapeutics.

Biogenic nanoparticles are the smartest weapons to deal with the multidrug-resistant "superbugs" because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial propensity as well as excellent biocompatibility. The aqueous biogenic silver nanoparticles (Aq-bAgNPs) and ethanolic biogenic silver nanoparticles (Et-bAgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem, respectively, as reducing agents. Electron microscopic images confirmed the synthesis of almost spherical shaped biogenic silver nanoparticles (bAgNPs).

Identification and lateral membrane localization of cyclin M3, likely to be involved in renal Mg2+ handling in seawater fish.

The kidney of marine teleosts is the major site of Mg(2+) excretion and produces urine with a high Mg(2+) concentration. However, the transporters involved in Mg(2+) excretion are poorly understood. The cyclin M (Cnnm; also known as ancient conserved domain protein) family comprises membrane proteins homologous to the bacterial Mg(2+) and Co(2+) efflux protein, CorC.

Identification and proximal tubular localization of the Mg²⁺ transporter, Slc41a1, in a seawater fish.

The second most abundant cation in seawater (SW), Mg²⁺, is present at concentrations of ~53 mM. Marine teleosts maintain plasma Mg²⁺ concentration at 1-2 mM by excreting Mg²⁺ into the urine. Urine Mg²⁺ concentrations of SW teleosts exceed 70 mM, most of which is secreted by the renal tubular epithelial cells.

O2-filled swimbladder employs monocarboxylate transporters for the generation of O2 by lactate-induced root effect hemoglobin.

The swimbladder volume is regulated by O(2) transfer between the luminal space and the blood In the swimbladder, lactic acid generation by anaerobic glycolysis in the gas gland epithelial cells and its recycling through the rete mirabile bundles of countercurrent capillaries are essential for local blood acidification and oxygen liberation from hemoglobin by the "Root effect." While O(2) generation is critical for fish flotation, the molecular mechanism of the secretion and recycling of lactic acid in this critical process is not clear. To clarify molecules that are involved in the blood acidification and visualize the route of lactic acid movement, we analyzed the expression of 17 members of the H(+)/monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family in the fugu genome and found that only MCT1b and MCT4b are highly expressed in the fugu swimbladder.

Identification and apical membrane localization of an electrogenic Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger NCX2a likely to be involved in renal Ca²⁺ excretion by seawater fish.

Seawater (SW) contains ∼10 mM Ca(2+), yet marine fish must drink seawater as their major water source. Thus marine teleosts fish need to excrete Ca(2+) to maintain whole body Ca(2+) homeostasis. In the intestine, seawater Ca(2+) interreacts with epithelial-secreted HCO(3)(-) by the intestinal epithelium, and the resulting CaCO(3) precipitates, which is rectally excreted.

Differential expression of Na+-Cl- cotransporter and Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 in the distal nephrons of euryhaline and seawater pufferfishes.

The process of NaCl reabsorption in the distal nephron allows freshwater fishes to excrete hypotonic urine and seawater fishes to excrete urine containing high concentrations of divalent ions; the relevant transporters, however, have not yet been identified. In the mammalian distal nephron, NaCl absorption is mediated by Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (NKCC2, Slc12a1) in the thick ascending limb, Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC, Slc12a3) in the distal convoluted tubule, and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the collecting duct. In this study, we compared the expression profiles of these proteins in the kidneys of euryhaline and seawater pufferfishes.