Cardiovascular adverse events by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: when the benefits outweigh the risks.

Therapeutic efficiency of NSAID is handicapped by ongoing discussion of cardiovascular (CV) safety. Areas covered: We update meta-analyses on NSAIDs in patients with and without cardiovascular (CV) diseases and analyse the association between NSAIDs and cardiovascular events in patients with inflammation. We demonstrate the substantial influence of an indication bias and confounding, which falsely increase the CV risk.

Clonal differentiation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates of serotype O6:K5 by fimbrial antigen typing and DNA long-range mapping techniques.

Escherichia coli isolates of serotype O6:K5 are the most common causative agents of cystitis and pyelonephritis in adults. To answer the question, as to whether strains of this particular serotype represent one special clonal group, out of a collection of 34 serotype O6:K5 isolates [Zingler et al. (1990) Zentralbl.

Is Escherichia coli invading tubuloepithelial cells?

The adhesion of Escherichia coli to host epithelium cells is the very first step of urinary tract infections followed by the internalization of the bacteria into these cells. These steps are influenced by several surface antigens or products of the pathogen, e.g.

Clonal analysis of Escherichia coli serotype O6 strains from urinary tract infections.

A total of 36 Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates (UTI) of serotype O6, with different combinations of capsule (K) and flagellin (H) antigens, were analysed according to the outer membrane pattern (OMP), serum resistance properties, mannose-resistant hemagglutination using various types of erythrocytes, and also for the genetic presence and the expression of P-fimbriae, S fimbriae/F1C fimbriae, Type 1 fimbriae, aerobactin and hemolysin. Twenty selected strains were further analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), elaborating genomic profiles by XbaI cleavage and subsequent Southern hybridization to virulence-associated DNA probes. It could be shown that O6 UTI isolates represent a highly heterogeneous group of strains according to the occurrence and combination of these traits.

Biochemical and serological patterns of Escherichia coli O2 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.

We examined the results of two biochemical test systems for their ability to discriminate a series of 58 Escherichia coli O2 strains collected from patients with urinary tract infections. The O:K:H serotypes and O antigen factors of the strains were also determined. The strains could be assigned to 13 distinct serological patterns by means of O2 antigen factors as well as K and H antigens.

Serum resistance in different serotypes of Escherichia coli.

Resistance to complement-mediated serum activity is an important virulence factor in E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections. Because there are no reports about the percentage of serum-resistant E.

K-antigen identification, hemolysin production, and hemagglutination types of Escherichia coli O6 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.

Serotyping of 1918 Escherichia coli strains isolated in significant cell numbers from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) revealed the presence of 117 O6 strains. The K antigens were identified by means of K-specific phages and serological methods. The phages used included a K1 phage pool (phi 1, A-E) and the separate phages phi 2, phi 5, phi 7, phi 12 and phi 13.

[Hemagglutinating ability and fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine].

The close connection between mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) and adhesion to uroepithelial cells of urinary E. coli with regard to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) prompted us to examine the hemagglutinating ability of 1499 E. coli strains from urine using human blood group OP1 erythrocytes.

[Rapid typing of Escherichia coli K antigens using bacteriophages].

E. coli capsular (K) antigens are important virulence factors contributing to the development of urinary tract infections (UTI). Serotyping of these antigens is laborious and depends on the availability of respective antisera which are difficult to prepare because of the low immunogenicity of these polysaccharide antigens.

[Excretion of antibody-coated bacteria in chronic pyelonephritis].

Of 168 urine sediments, which were obtained from 55 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the course of 3 years when a significant bacteriuria with E. coli was present, we demonstrated antibody-coated bacteria in 81 cases (48.21%).

[O- and H-antigens of Escherichia coli K5 isolates in the urine].

88 E. coli-K5-strains identified by a K5-phage were serotyped with regard to O- and H-antigens and 19 different O:K5:H-serotypes were registered. Further 11 isolates were rough strains and 2 other strains could not be O-typed.

Studies on clonal assignment of urinary Escherichia coli O1:K1 strains.

Fifty-nine Escherichia coli strains belonging to two clonal groupings were investigated for major outer membrane proteins, colicin production, and partly for plasmid DNA content. The membrane protein patterns of the 01:K1:H7(H-):F11 and O1:K1:H-:F9 strains obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were distinctly different from each other and, therefore, are useful for clonal assignment. All of the F11 isolates had one plasmid of about 85 Md in common which is suggested to be characteristic for the clone.

[Defense mechanisms of the macro-organism in bacteriuria in chronic pyelonephritis].

In the course of 4 years we isolated 193 E. coli strains of 55 patients with chronic pyelonephritis. In patients with obstructive chronic pyelonephritis the mean value of the immunofluorescence titre (in the serum) to the E.

Stimulation of particle-induced chemiluminescence in human granulocytes by various Escherichia coli strains.

The patterns of neutrophil chemiluminescence stimulated by groups of E. coli strains opsonized with pooled normal human serum were compared. All strains of E.

[Occurrence of Escherichia coli K1 and K5 strains in patients with urinary tract infections].

1499 E. coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections were investigated for the presence of K1 and K5 strains using specific phages. K1 antigen was detected in 10,5% and K5 in 6,1% of the strains examined.

[Serum resistance of Escherichia coli and serum bactericidal activity in chronic pyelonephritis].

123 patients with chronic pyelonephritis of the renal dispensary of the clinic of internal medicine of the Department of Medicine Wilhelm Pieck University Rostock were controlled microbiologically for one to four years. Of 59 patients of this group with significant bacteriuria we cultivated 170 strains of E. coli, which were standardised O, K, and H.

Fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli 01:K1:H7 and 01:K1:H- strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.

Thirty E. coli strains belonging to serotypes 01:K1:H7 and 01:K1:H- were examined for the presence of fimbrial (F) antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. All strains exhibited a mannose-resistant haemagglutination of human and monkey erythrocytes.

[Serum resistance of Escherichia coli in chronic pyelonephritis. 1. Serum resistance in the human serum pool].

123 patients of the kidney department of the Clinic for Inner Medicine of Rostock University suffering from chronic pyelonephritis were taken into microbiological observation for between one and four years. 170 E. coli strains were bred from 59 patients with significant bacteriuria in the course of the disease and their serum resistence was determined with pooled human serum using Taylor's method.

[Relation between the O:K:H serotype and the fimbria antigen in E. coli of urinary tract infections].

Following introductory remarks on the typing antigens of E. coli and the relation between O:K:H serotypes and urinary tract infections (UTI), the importance of fimbriae as adhesive factors for the pathogenesis of UTI is pointed out. Our own results on the haemagglutination (HA) patterns and the establishing of fimbrial (F) antigens in E.