Identifying relapse predictors in individual participant data with decision trees.

Background: Depression is a highly common and recurrent condition. Predicting who is at most risk of relapse or recurrence can inform clinical practice. Applying machine-learning methods to Individual Participant Data (IPD) can be promising to improve the accuracy of risk predictions.

Mediators of change in online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of mindful mood balance.

Objective: Digital delivery of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy through the Mindful Mood Balance (MMB) program is clinically effective (Segal et al., 2020); however, the mechanisms through which this program delivers its benefits have not been established.

Method: This study investigates the differential impact of the MMB program paired with usual depression care (UDC) compared to UDC alone on the putative targets of self-reported mindfulness, decentering, and rumination and the extent to which change in these targets mediates subsequent depressive relapse among a sample of predominantly White, female participants, with residual depressive symptoms.

Preventing Depression Relapse: A Qualitative Study on the Need for Additional Structured Support Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy.

Background: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective group intervention for reducing rates of depression relapse. However, about one-third of graduates experience relapse within 1 year of completing the course.

Objective: The current study aimed to explore the need and strategies for additional support following the MBCT course.

Dysfunctional Cortical Gradient Topography in Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) refers to patients with major depressive disorder who do not remit after 2 or more antidepressant trials. TRD is common and highly debilitating, but its neurobiological basis remains poorly understood. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed cortical connectivity gradients that dissociate primary sensorimotor areas from higher-order associative cortices.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs. a health enhancement program for the treatment of late-life depression: Study protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) affects up to 18% of older adults and has been linked to elevated dementia risk. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) holds promise for treating symptoms of depression and ameliorating cognitive deficits in older adults. While preliminary findings are promising, a definitive RCT investigating its effects on late life depression and cognition have not yet been conducted.

Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Online Brief Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for the Improvement of Productivity in the Workplace: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) among both clinical and nonclinical populations. These data document positive impacts in the workplace, including reducing perceived stress and burnout and increasing well-being. However, the effectiveness for productivity, which is of most interest to managers and administrators, is still unclear.

Static and treatment-responsive brain biomarkers of depression relapse vulnerability following prophylactic psychotherapy: Evidence from a randomized control trial.

Background: Neural reactivity to dysphoric mood induction indexes the tendency for distress to promote cognitive reactivity and sensory avoidance. Linking these responses to illness prognosis following recovery from Major Depressive Disorder informs our understanding of depression vulnerability and provides engagement targets for prophylactic interventions.

Methods: A prospective fMRI neuroimaging design investigated the relationship between dysphoric reactivity and relapse following prophylactic intervention.

Self-critical perfectionism, dependency and entropy during cognitive behavioural therapy for depression.

Objectives: This study examined whether 'personality vulnerability' (i.e., self-critical perfectionism or dependency) predicts the trajectory of change, as well as variability and instability (i.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Web-Based Program for Residual Depressive Symptoms: Mindful Mood Balance.

Objective: Mindful Mood Balance (MMB) is an effective Web-based program for residual depressive symptoms that prevents relapse among patients with partial recovery from major depressive episodes. This cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the health plan perspective alongside a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of MMB.

Methods: Adults were recruited from behavioral health and primary care settings in a large integrated health system and randomly assigned to MMB plus usual depression care (MMB+UDC) or UDC.

Continuation of Antidepressants vs Sequential Psychological Interventions to Prevent Relapse in Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Importance: Depression frequently recurs. To prevent relapse, antidepressant medication is often taken in the long term. Sequentially delivering a psychological intervention while undergoing tapering of antidepressant medication might be an alternative to long-term antidepressant use.

On the nature of objective and perceived cognitive impairments in depressive symptoms and real-world functioning in young adults.

Cognitive impairments in depression contribute to disability. According to prevailing cognitive theories, one's perception related to cognitive ability can cause and maintain depression, and related outcomes. Here, we investigate the degree to which perceived cognitive impairment predicts functional impairment above and beyond objective neurocognition.

Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with residual depressive symptoms face a gap in care because few resources, to date, are available to manage the lingering effects of their illness.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for treating residual depressive symptoms with Mindful Mood Balance (MMB), a web-based application that delivers mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, plus usual depression care compared with usual depression care only.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary care and behavioral health clinics at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver.

The symptom-specific efficacy of antidepressant medication vs. cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression: results from an individual patient data meta-analysis.

A recent individual patient data meta-analysis showed that antidepressant medication is slightly more efficacious than cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing overall depression severity in patients with a DSM-defined depressive disorder. We used an update of that dataset, based on seventeen randomized clinical trials, to examine the comparative efficacy of antidepressant medication vs. CBT in more detail by focusing on individual depressive symptoms as assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.

Increased high-frequency NREM EEG power associated with mindfulness-based interventions for chronic insomnia: Preliminary findings from spectral analysis.

Objective: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been shown to reduce subjective symptoms of insomnia but the effects on objective measures remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine sleep EEG microarchitecture patterns from a randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI).

Methods: Sleep EEG spectral analysis was conducted on 36 participants with chronic insomnia (>6 months) randomized to 8-week MBSR, MBTI, or self-monitoring control (SM).

Translating the BDI and BDI-II into the HAMD and vice versa with equipercentile linking.

Aims: The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are the most frequently used observer-rated and self-report scales of depression, respectively. It is important to know what a given total score or a change score from baseline on one scale means in relation to the other scale.

Methods: We obtained individual participant data from the randomised controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorders.

A maturing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reflects on two critical issues.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a multimodal intervention that integrates training in mindfulness meditation and the cognitive theory of affective disorder. This hybrid nature may provide an advantage in the prevention field that addresses the critical need for enhancing wellness among people with recurrent mood disorders. Despite the robust evidence base for MBCT, its penetration at the population health level and in routine clinical settings has been limited.

Practice of therapy acquired regulatory skills and depressive relapse/recurrence prophylaxis following cognitive therapy or mindfulness based cognitive therapy.

Background: To investigate whether usage of treatment-acquired regulatory skills is associated with prevention of depressive relapse/recurrence.

Method: Remitted depressed outpatients entered a 24-month clinical follow up after either 8 weekly group sessions of cognitive therapy (CT; N = 84) or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT; N = 82). The primary outcome was symptom return meeting the criteria for major depression on Module A of the SCID.

Predictors of etiological beliefs about panic disorder and impact of beliefs on treatment outcomes.

Little is known about the beliefs people with panic disorder (PD) have about their illness and how these beliefs might influence treatment outcome. This study explored demographic and clinical predictors of etiological beliefs about PD and the impact these beliefs have on treatment response. The sample included 251 outpatients with PD who participated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of treatments for PD.

Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder with either mindfulness-based cognitive therapy or cognitive therapy.

Objective: Both Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT) enhance self-management of prodromal symptoms associated with depressive relapse, albeit through divergent therapeutic procedures. We evaluated rates of relapse in remitted depressed patients receiving MBCT and CT. Decentering and dysfunctional attitudes were assessed as treatment-specific process markers.

Selective dietary supplementation in early postpartum is associated with high resilience against depressed mood.

Medical research is moving toward prevention strategies during prodromal states. Postpartum blues (PPB) is often a prodromal state for postpartum depression (PPD), with severe PPB strongly associated with an elevated risk for PPD. The most common complication of childbearing, PPD has a prevalence of 13%, but there are no widespread prevention strategies, and no nutraceutical interventions have been developed.

Considering Meta-Analysis, Meaning, and Metaphor: A Systematic Review and Critical Examination of "Third Wave" Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies.

In this review, we examine common usage of the term "third wave" in the scientific literature, systematically review published meta-analyses of identified "third wave" therapies, and consider the implications and options for the use of "third wave" as a metaphor to describe the nature of and relationships among cognitive and behavioral therapies. We demonstrate that the "third wave" term has grown in its use over time, that it is commonly linked with specific therapies, and that the majority of such therapies have amassed a compelling evidence base attesting to their clinical and public health value. We also consider the extent to which the "third wave" designation is an effective guide for the future, and we encourage scientific inquiry and self-reflection among those concerned with cognitive and behavioral therapies and the scientific basis of psychotherapy more broadly.