Regulation of GMO field trials in the EU and new genomic techniques: will the planned reform facilitate experimenting with gene-edited plants?

This study presents the possible consequences of maintaining the current regulatory regime of the experimental release of genetically modified higher plants in the EU for the products of new genomic techniques (NGTs). Currently, the experimental release is a crucial stage before the authorization of a product for the market. By analyzing the data on the performance of field trials in the EU (numbers, sizes, dominating countries) and comparing the present regulatory provisions with those of selected third countries (including new provisions adopted in the UK), this study shows that the current framework of GMO (genetically modified organisms) field trials is ill-fitted for breeding activities.

New genomic techniques and their European Union reform. Potential policy changes and their implications.

The article discusses amendment options (no significant change, lowering of administrative burdens or exemption of certain products from the legislation) for the European Union (EU) authorization procedures of New Genomic Techniques' (NGT) products and their consequences for the sector and research institutions, particularly in the context of internal functioning, placing products on the market and international trade. A reform of the EU regulatory system requires a change in the procedures for the authorization of NGT products, otherwise EU researchers and investors may still be at a competitive disadvantage (as compared to Argentina, Brazil, Canada, United States or the United Kingdom) due to the inefficiency of the current system and the committee procedure for authorization. New legislation, currently being adopted in the United Kingdom is also presented for comparison.

Exclusion or exemption from risk regulation?: A comparative analysis of proposals to amend the EU GMO legislation.

The EU Court of Justice's decision that gene-edited plants should be regulated as GMOs triggered various proposal to amend the EU Directive on the release of GMOs in the environment.

Legal and practical challenges to authorization of gene edited plants in the EU.

According to a predominant interpretation of the C-528/16 judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, mutants resulting from gene editing, even those featuring only single nucleotide variants, should be subject to the authorization procedures designed for organisms developed through genetic modification (i.e. insertion of large DNA fragments).

The Rapeseed Potential in Poland and Germany in the Context of Production, Legislation, and Intellectual Property Rights.

Rapeseed is an essential crop which is used in many different areas as edible oil, biodiesel, lubricant, and feed. It is one of the most popular oil crops in Europe (63% of oilseeds production in 2017). The current study highlights the potential for further rapeseed development in European Union (EU), with special emphasis on Germany (19% of EU production) and Poland (12% of EU production).

Certain new plant breeding techniques and their marketability in the context of EU GMO legislation - recent developments.

The comparatively low adoption rate of GMO products in the European Union (EU) market seems to be connected with the strictness of authorization regulations and inefficiency of the authorization process itself. These problems will apply to any product deemed to be a GMO that could potentially be marketable in the EU. Since modern methods of plant breeding involving oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODMs) or site-directed nucleases (SDNs), including Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), are becoming ever more popular, it is crucial to establish whether the products of such new breeding techniques (NBTs), in particular those which involve precise methods of mutagenesis, are exempted from the EU legislation on GMOs or not.

Low-pressure argon adsorption assessment of micropore connectivities in activated carbons.

Low-pressure argon adsorption has been used to study the energetic distribution of microporous activated carbons differing by their burn-off. The collected isotherms were analyzed using the derivative isotherm summation method. Some oscillations on the experimental curves for very low partial pressures were detected.

Water vapor adsorption on activated carbon preadsorbed with naphtalene.

The adsorption of water vapor on a microporous activated carbon derived from the carbonization of coconut shell has been studied. Preadsorption of naphthalene was used as a tool to determine the location and the influence of the primary adsorbing centers within the porous structure of active carbon. The adsorption was studied in the pressure range p/p0=0-0.

Cloning and characterisation of an aminopeptidase P-encoding gene from Streptomyces lividans.

An aminopeptidase P (PepP)-encoding gene has been cloned from Streptomyces lividans 66 by screening for overexpression of activity using the chromogenic substrate Gly-Pro-beta-naphthylamide as a liquid overlayer on colonies growing on agar medium. The pepP gene was localised by deletion mapping, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to display significant similarity to Escherichia coli PepP.