Identification of β-Lactams Active against by a Consortium of Pharmaceutical Companies and Academic Institutions.

Rising antimicrobial resistance challenges our ability to combat bacterial infections. The problem is acute for tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death from infection before COVID-19. Here, we developed a framework for multiple pharmaceutical companies to share proprietary information and compounds with multiple laboratories in the academic and government sectors for a broad examination of the ability of β-lactams to kill (Mtb).

Remote research on locomotion interfaces for virtual reality: Replication of a lab-based study on teleporting interfaces.

The wide availability of consumer-oriented virtual reality (VR) equipment has enabled researchers to recruit existing VR owners to participate remotely using their own equipment. Yet, there are many differences between lab environments and home environments, as well as differences between participant samples recruited for lab studies and remote studies. This paper replicates a lab-based experiment on VR locomotion interfaces using a remote sample.

Increased interstage morbidity and mortality following stage 1 palliation in patients with genetic abnormalities.

Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and single ventricle variants with aortic hypoplasia are commonly classified as severe forms of CHD. We hypothesised patients with these severe defects and reported genetic abnormalities have increased morbidity and mortality during the interstage period.

Methods And Results: This was a retrospective review of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Phase I registry.

Clinical outcomes of children with rheumatic heart disease.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of children with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Uganda, and determine characteristics that predict adverse outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of death in Ugandan children with clinical RHD from 2010 to 2018; enrolling children aged 5-18 years old from an existing registry. Demographic data and clinical data (baseline complications, RHD severity, cardiac interventions) were collected.

A Rabbit Model to Study Antibiotic Penetration at the Site of Infection for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Macrolide Case Study.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a potentially fatal infectious disease requiring long treatment duration with multiple antibiotics and against which there is no reliable cure. Among the factors that have hampered the development of adequate drug regimens is the lack of an animal model that reproduces the NTM lung pathology required for studying antibiotic penetration and efficacy. Given the documented similarities between tuberculosis and NTM immunopathology in patients, we first determined that the rabbit model of active tuberculosis reproduces key features of human NTM-PD and provides an acceptable surrogate model to study lesion penetration.

Borderline personality disorder symptom networks across adolescent and adult clinical samples: examining symptom centrality and replicability.

Background: Numerous theories posit different core features to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Recent advances in network analysis provide a method of examining the relative centrality of BPD symptoms, as well as examine the replicability of findings across samples. Additionally, despite the increase in research supporting the validity of BPD in adolescents, clinicians are reluctant to diagnose BPD in adolescents.

Anonymous Reporting Systems for School-Based Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Anonymous reporting systems (ARS) have been used as a violence prevention strategy in schools by providing a means for individuals within a school community to safely and securely report information about potential violence or concerns about mental health, for example, through an anonymous hotline or reporting app. Despite widespread implementation of ARS in schools, as well as mandates for reporting systems in schools in 21 states, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of ARS for school violence prevention, and information about best practices for ARS implementation is lacking. This systematic review aims to summarize the current research on the effectiveness of ARS as a school safety and violence prevention strategy, which is an important step in building an evidence-base to guide schools and policymakers about best practices.

Global, regional, and national time trends in mortality for congenital heart disease, 1990-2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from birth defects worldwide. We report an overview of trends in CHD mortality in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years and associations with age, period, and birth cohort.

Methods: Cause-specific CHD mortality estimates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Longitudinal effects of Youth Empowerment Solutions: Preventing youth aggression and increasing prosocial behavior.

Youth violence remains a significant public health problem despite efforts to address it. We describe the evaluation results of Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES), an after-school active learning program implemented by trained local teachers and designed to engage middle school youth in multi-systematic promotive behaviors at the individual-, interpersonal-, and community-level to make lasting positive changes within the context of institutional disadvantages, such as racism. First, we used a modified randomized controlled trial design to examine the direct and indirect influence of YES on prosocial and delinquent behaviors 12 months after the conclusion of the program, through youth empowerment.

Diabetic hand: prevalence and incidence of diabetic hand problems using data from 1.1 million inhabitants in southern Sweden.

Introduction: 'The diabetic hand' has traditionally referred to hand complications due to diabetes mellitus (DM), including trigger finger (TF) and Dupuytren's disease (DD). Recent publications have also proposed DM as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), and possibly osteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint. This study aimed to explore prevalence and incidence of diabetic hand complications among the population in southern Sweden.

The association of weight loss with changes in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and intestinal permeability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The gut microbiome may be a mediator between obesity and health outcomes. However, it is unclear how intentional weight loss changes the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. We aimed to systematically review and quantify this association.

CT is a feasible imaging technique for detecting lesions in horses with elbow lameness: A study of 139 elbows in 99 horses.

Computed tomography (CT)is increasingly available in veterinary referral practices; however, published studies describing CT lesions of the equine elbow are currently lacking. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, horses undergoing elbow CT at Equitom between July 2015 and October 2018 were reviewed. Subchondral bone sclerosis; resorption of the radius, ulna, and humerus; osteophyte; and enthesophyte lesions were graded.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Moving from Performance to Transformation Through the Arts and Humanities.

Effective engagement on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) requires activities that promote deep introspection and group conversations that serve to complement and build upon formal DEI presentations. The arts and humanities by their nature allow for intentional and sustained reflection and have the potential to be transformative of thinking. We therefore propose that the next phase of institutional pro-equity/anti-racism efforts includes arts- and humanities-based initiatives to facilitate reflection and that serve to complement and build upon formal DEI didactic presentations, implicit bias workshops, and anti-racism training.

Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms with nicotine dependence: Observational epidemiologic evidence from US-representative and psychiatric outpatient population-based samples.

Despite emerging evidence linking obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms (OCS) and nicotine dependence (ND), this comorbidity has received little research. To address this, the current investigation highlights evidence of this comorbidity in two epidemiologic datasets: (1) US nationally-representative survey (i.e.

A naturally inspired antibiotic to target multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for an increasing number of deaths caused by antibiotic-resistant infections. The bacterial natural product colistin is considered the last line of defence against a number of Gram-negative pathogens. The recent global spread of the plasmid-borne mobilized colistin-resistance gene mcr-1 (phosphoethanolamine transferase) threatens the usefulness of colistin.

Higher Extrusion Temperature Induces Greater Formation of Less Digestible Type V and Retrograded Starch in Iron-Fortified Rice Grains But Does Not Affect Iron Bioavailability: Stable Isotope Studies in Young Women.

Background: Hot extrusion is widely used to produce iron-fortified rice, but heating may increase resistant starch and thereby decrease iron bioavailability. Cold-extruded iron-fortified rice may have higher bioavailability but has higher iron losses during cooking. Thus, warm extrusion could have nutritional benefits, but this has not been tested.

Racial Discrimination and Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Organizational Religious Involvement.

Racial discrimination jeopardizes a wide range of health behaviors for African Americans. Numerous studies demonstrate significant negative associations between racial discrimination and problematic alcohol use among African Americans. Culturally specific contexts (e.

Alterations of human skin microbiome and expansion of antimicrobial resistance after systemic antibiotics.

Although systemic antibiotics are critical in controlling infections and reducing morbidity and mortality, overuse of antibiotics is presumed to contribute to negative repercussions such as selection of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and collateral damage to commensal microbes. In a prospective, randomized study of four clinically relevant antibiotic regimens [doxycycline (20 mg or 100 mg), cephalexin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole], we investigated microbial alterations on skin after administration of systemic antibiotics to healthy human volunteers. Samples from different skin and oral sites, as well as stool, were collected before, during, and up to 1 year after antibiotic use, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed.

Cycling Rate-Induced Spatially-Resolved Heterogeneities in Commercial Cylindrical Li-Ion Batteries.

Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction computed tomography has been employed to investigate, for the first time, commercial cylindrical Li-ion batteries electrochemically cycled over the two cycling rates of C/2 and C/20. This technique yields maps of the crystalline components and chemical species as a cross-section of the cell with high spatiotemporal resolution (550 × 550 images with 20 × 20 × 3 µm voxel size in ca. 1 h).

The association between perceived community violence, police bias, race, and firearm carriage among urban adolescents and young adults.

Firearms are a leading cause of death among youth and young adults. Given community violence is an important correlate of youth firearm carriage, we evaluated: 1) If the association between perceived community violence and firearm carriage is stronger when perceived police bias is greater; and 2) If this moderated association differs by race. Cross-sectional data came from screening data for a longitudinal study of firearm behaviors among young adults seeking urban emergency department treatment between July 2017-June 2018 (N = 1264).

Diagnostic delay in patients with FKRP-related muscular dystrophy.

Diagnostic journey for people with FKRP mutations participating in a dystroglycanopathy natural history study (n = 68; NCT00313677) was analyzed. Earliest symptoms and age at muscular dystrophy diagnosis were abstracted from subject-reported medical history and record review. Initial signs/symptoms were classified as chronic motor dysfunction (e.

Sympathoinhibition and Vasodilation Contribute to the Acute Hypotensive Response of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP, in Hypertensive Animals.

The pathogenesis of hypertension has been linked to excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O), in multiple tissues and organ systems. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to scavenge O has been shown to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive animals. We have previously shown that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin SOD mimic currently in clinical trials as a normal tissue protector for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, can scavenge O and acutely decrease normotensive blood pressures.