Human papillomavirus vaccine in adolescent women: a 2012 update.

Purpose Of Review: Despite recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine vaccination of adolescents with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, U.S. coverage among women remains less than 50%, with that of adolescent men below 2%.

Reduction of HPV infections through vaccination among at-risk urban adolescents.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trials have demonstrated high efficacy in preventing HPV infections and HPV related disease in females ages 16-26. However, there is no source data to demonstrate the impact of the vaccine in other populations who may be at higher risk for HPV related disease. This study examines the impact of HPV vaccination on subsequent HPV detection and sexual behaviors among urban adolescents in a clinical setting.

A national study of HPV vaccination of adolescent girls: rates, predictors, and reasons for non-vaccination.

Despite recommendations in the U.S. for routine HPV vaccination of adolescent girls since 2006, rates of vaccination continue to be low.

Perspectives on decision making about human papillomavirus vaccination among 11- to 12-year-old girls and their mothers.

Introduction. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore (a) the factors influencing mothers' decisions to vaccinate 11- to 12-year-old daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV) and (b) the mothers' and daughters' perspectives about HPV vaccine-related decision making. Methods.

Risk perceptions after human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-infected adolescents and young adult women.

Purpose: To examine risk perceptions (perceived risk of human papillomavirus [HPV], perceived risk of other sexually transmitted infections [STIs], and need for safer sexual behaviors) and to determine factors associated with these risk perceptions after HPV vaccination.

Methods: Data were collected at the baseline visit of an HPV-6, -11, -16, -18 vaccine clinical trial in 16-23-year-old HIV-infected young women (N = 99). Immediately after receiving the first vaccine dose, participants completed a confidential questionnaire that included three 5-item scales measuring perceived risk of HPV, perceived risk of other STIs, and need for safer sexual behaviors.

Health beliefs and vaccine costs regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among a U.S. national sample of adult women.

Objective: Health beliefs have been found to be significant predictors of vaccine acceptability and uptake, including attitudes about HPV vaccine. In this study, we examined whether the predictive strength of health beliefs varied as a function of vaccine cost among adult women.

Methods: During April 2009, data were collected from a nationally representative internet sample of 1323 US-resident women aged 27-55 years.

Influence of race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis of child abuse: a randomized study.

Objectives: To measure empirically the influence of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on the diagnosis of child abuse and willingness to report to child protection services.

Study Design: A total of 5000 pediatricians randomly selected from the American Medical Association's Masterfile received 1 of 4 randomly assigned versions of a fictional clinical presentation of a child (black/white + high SES/low SES) that described an unwitnessed event in a mobile 18-month-old child resulting in an oblique femur fracture. Outcome measures included ranking the degree to which the injury was accidental versus abuse and agreement with reporting the injury to child protection services.

Adolescent perceptions of risk and need for safer sexual behaviors after first human papillomavirus vaccination.

Objectives: To (1) examine perceptions of risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), (2) examine perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, and (3) determine factors associated with less perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, all in the context of receiving the first HPV vaccination.

Design: Cross-sectional baseline analysis from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: An urban hospital-based adolescent primary care clinic.

Accuracy of self-reported human papillomavirus vaccine receipt among adolescent girls and their mothers.

Purpose: The use of self-report of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status has several implications for clinical care and research. Reports of HPV vaccination history of adolescent girls (ages: 14-17 years) and their mothers were compared with medical chart data to assess the accuracy of HPV vaccine recall.

Methods: Adolescent girls (N = 74) and their mothers independently completed questionnaires regarding HPV vaccination history, which were compared with medical chart data to assess the accuracy of HPV vaccine recall.

Human papillomavirus vaccine and men: what are the obstacles and challenges?

Purpose Of Review: The present review describes the indications for vaccinating men with the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, reports on the US rates of male vaccination, and reviews the recent research on acceptability of vaccinating men and research on the cost-effectiveness of adding men to existing female HPV immunization programs.

Recent Findings: Recent evidence shows that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine prevents several HPV-related diseases in men. However, despite the licensure of the vaccine in the USA for men 9 through 26 years of age, rates of male vaccination are very low.

Variations in microbicide gel acceptability among young women in the USA and Puerto Rico.

In a multi-site study of vaginal microbicide acceptability conducted with sexually active young women, quantitative assessments revealed significant differences in acceptability by site. Participants in Puerto Rico rated the gel more favourably than mainland US participants in terms of liking the gel and likelihood of future use. To explain these differences, we examined responses to qualitative behavioural assessments.

Can self-prediction overcome barriers to Hepatitis B vaccination? A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious public health problem, due in part to low vaccination rates among high-risk adults, many of whom decline vaccination because of barriers such as perceived inconvenience or discomfort. This study evaluates the efficacy of a self-prediction intervention to increase HBV vaccination rates among high-risk adults.

Method: Randomized controlled trial of 1,175 adults recruited from three sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States over 28 months.

"Tell Juliana": acceptability of the candidate microbicide VivaGel® and two placebo gels among ethnically diverse, sexually active young women participating in a phase 1 microbicide study.

This study assessed acceptability of the candidate microbicide VivaGel(®) and two placebo gels among 61 sexually active young US and Puerto Rican women at three sites. Participants were randomly assigned to use one of the gels twice per day for 14 days. At trial completion, 59% of the women in the VivaGel(®) group reported being likely to use the gel in the future, whereas 23% were unlikely to use it and 18% were undecided.

Future chlamydia screening preferences of men attending a sexually transmissible infection clinic.

Background: Despite years of public health efforts, Chlamydia trachomatis remains a highly prevalent disease suggesting that current control strategies are not sufficient. Asymptomatic men with chlamydial infections are under-identified and probably play an important role in sustaining the epidemic. Novel methods of actively screening asymptomatic men are needed to reduce the prevalence of chlamydia.

Attitudes toward HPV Vaccination among Women Aged 27 to 45.

The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes toward HPV vaccination among US women 27 to 45 years of age. A survey was mailed to 2,750 insured US women to assess perceptions of relevance or irrelevance of the HPV vaccine, the underlying reasons, and, for those reporting relevance, the likelihood of vaccination if it became available. Among the 451 eligible respondents, 304 (67.

Religiosity and sexual involvement within adolescent romantic couples.

The impact of religiosity in adolescent romantic partnerships on sexual behavior was assessed. Data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health reciprocated couples database using religious- and relationship-oriented variables to predict sexual involvement in 374 couples (748 participants). We found that individual- and couple-based religiosity impacted sexual behavior.

Low acceptance of HSV-2 testing among high-risk women.

We evaluated the acceptability of a community-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) screening programme for at-risk women and assessed factors related to uptake of point of care HSV-2 testing. One hundred recently arrested women (median age 34 years) were recruited from a community court handling lower-level misdemeanour cases in Indianapolis, Indiana. Individuals completed a survey assessing factors related to HSV-2 screening intentions and were offered point of care HSV-2 testing.

The effects of vaccine characteristics on adult women's attitudes about vaccination: a conjoint analysis study.

The number of current and future vaccines for adults has been steadily increasing. Yet, vaccine coverage rates for adult vaccinations have historically been low, and less is known about how adults in the mid-adult age range make vaccine decisions for themselves. The purpose of this study was to assess which vaccine characteristics affect vaccine decision-making among mid-adult women.

Use of drawings to explore U.S. women's perspectives on why people might decline HIV testing.

The purpose of this research is to explore through drawings and verbal descriptions women's perspectives about reasons why persons might decline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. We asked 30 participants to draw a person that would NOT get tested for HIV and then explain drawings. Using qualitative content analysis, we extracted seven themes.

Influence of patient's relationship status and HPV history on physicians' decisions to recommend HPV vaccination.

This study asked whether physicians would prioritize HPV vaccination on the basis of a young woman's relationship status and HPV history (i.e., abnormal Pap test, HPV infection or HPV-related disease).

Reasons for non-vaccination against HPV and future vaccination intentions among 19-26 year-old women.

Background: Despite CDC recommendations regarding universal catch-up vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), only about ten percent of young adult women in the United States have been vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to better understand reasons for non-vaccination among insured 19-26 year-old women and to evaluate future vaccination intentions.

Methods: We used an administrative claims database from a large US managed care plan to identify women aged 19-26 for receipt of a mailed survey.

Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among a national sample of adult women in the USA.

Background: In the USA, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is currently licensed for 9-26-year-old females, but licensure for women over 26 years is being considered. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of sociodemographic and health-related factors to HPV vaccine acceptability among adult women.

Methods: The current study utilised a nationally representative sample of women (n = 1323) aged 27-55 living in the USA, with an oversampling of black and Latina women.

Behavioral considerations for engaging youth in HIV clinical research.

From both scientific and ethical perspectives, it is important that youth be enrolled in biomedical HIV prevention clinical trials. At the same time, adolescents, as minors, are considered a vulnerable population requiring particular attention to the reduction of potential harm associated with participation in such trials. In this article, we review the evidence supporting enrollment of youth in HIV clinical trials, including data on HIV infection rates, sexual behavior, and cognitive, psychosocial, and neurophysiological development.

Human papillomavirus vaccination of males: attitudes and perceptions of physicians who vaccinate females.

Purpose: We assessed U.S. physicians' attitudes and perceptions regarding potential human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of males.