A qualitative study exploring the experiences and needs of fear of disease progression in patients after open-heart surgery.

Objective: Open-heart surgery (OHS) is a stressful event for patients, all of whom experience varying levels of worry and fear, leading to fear of disease progression (FoP). An in-depth understanding of the experiences and needs of FoP in patients after OHS is beneficial for healthcare providers to make optimal decisions, but this has not been reported. We aimed to explore the experiences and needs of FoP in patients after OHS by adopting a qualitative interview method.

Developing probabilistic ensemble machine learning models for home-based sleep apnea screening using overnight SpO2 data at varying data granularity.

Purpose: This study aims to develop sleep apnea screening models with overnight SpO2 data, and to investigate the impact of the SpO2 data granularity on model performance.

Methods: A total of 7,718 SpO2 recordings from the SHHS and MESA datasets were used. Probabilistic ensemble machine learning was employed to predict sleep apnea status at three AHI cutoff points: ≥ 5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 events/hour.

Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) in environmental catalysis: Mechanisms, application, regulation strategies, and breakthroughs.

The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) in supported catalysts plays a dominant role in catalytic degradation, upgrading, and remanufacturing of environmental pollutants. Previous studies have shown that SMSI is crucial in supported catalysts' activity and stability. However, for redox reactions catalyzed in environmental catalysis, the enhancement mechanism of SMSI-induced oxygen vacancy and electron transfer needs to be clarified.

Effects of Sound Interventions on the Mental Stress Response in Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Sound therapy methods have seen a surge in popularity, with a predominant focus on music among all types of sound stimulation. There is substantial evidence documenting the integrative impact of music therapy on psycho-emotional and physiological outcomes, rendering it beneficial for addressing stress-related conditions such as pain syndromes, depression, and anxiety. Despite these advancements, the therapeutic aspects of sound, as well as the mechanisms underlying its efficacy, remain incompletely understood.

Prompt engineering for digital mental health: a short review.

Prompt engineering, the process of arranging input or prompts given to a large language model to guide it in producing desired outputs, is an emerging field of research that shapes how these models understand tasks, process information, and generate responses in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) applications. Digital mental health, on the other hand, is becoming increasingly important for several reasons including early detection and intervention, and to mitigate limited availability of highly skilled medical staff for clinical diagnosis. This short review outlines the latest advances in prompt engineering in the field of NLP for digital mental health.

Distance and grid-like codes support the navigation of abstract social space in the human brain.

People form impressions about others during daily social encounters and infer personality traits from others' behaviors. Such trait inference is thought to rely on two universal dimensions: competence and warmth. These two dimensions can be used to construct a 'social cognitive map' organizing massive information obtained from social encounters efficiently.

Co-design personal sleep health technology for and with university students.

University students often experience sleep disturbances and disorders. Personal digital technologies present a great opportunity for sleep health promotion targeting this population. However, studies that engage university students in designing and implementing digital sleep health technologies are scarce.

When advisors do not know what is best for advisees: Uncertainty inhibits advice giving.

While seeking advice can be beneficial for advisees, advisors may not always possess the necessary knowledge to provide appropriate guidance. Poor-quality advice can mislead advisees rather than offering assistance. Despite the research interest in advisees, few studies have investigated advisors' psychological and behavioral responses, especially when they faced uncertainty regarding the optimal course of action for advisees.

Transforming waste brake pads from automobiles into Nano-Catalyst: Synergistic Fe-C-Cu triple sites for efficient fenton-like oxidation of organic pollutants.

The arbitrary disposal of used brake pads from motor vehicles has resulted in severe heavy metal pollution and resource wastage, highlighting the urgent need to explore the significant untapped potential of these discarded materials. In this study, The in-situ growth of highly dispersed FeO nanocrystals was achieved by simple oxidation annealing of brake pad debris(BPD). Interestingly, Cu remained unoxidized and acted as a "valence state transformation bridge of FeO" to construct the "triple Fe-C-Cu sites".

Novel method combining multiscale attention entropy of overnight blood oxygen level and machine learning for easy sleep apnea screening.

Objective: Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder affecting a significant portion of the population, but many apnea patients remain undiagnosed because existing clinical tests are invasive and expensive. This study aimed to develop a method for easy sleep apnea screening.

Methods: Three supervised machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, support vector machine, and light gradient boosting machine, were applied to develop apnea screening models at two apnea-hypopnea index cutoff thresholds: 5 and 30 events/hours.

Knowledge Discovery in Ubiquitous and Personal Sleep Tracking: Scoping Review.

Background: Over the past few decades, there has been a rapid increase in the number of wearable sleep trackers and mobile apps in the consumer market. Consumer sleep tracking technologies allow users to track sleep quality in naturalistic environments. In addition to tracking sleep per se, some sleep tracking technologies also support users in collecting information on their daily habits and sleep environments and reflecting on how those factors may contribute to sleep quality.

Mining associations between glycemic variability in awake-time and in-sleep among non-diabetic adults.

It is often assumed that healthy people have the genuine ability to maintain tight blood glucose regulation. However, a few recent studies revealed that glucose dysregulation such as hyperglycemia may occur even in people who are considered normoglycemic by standard measures and were more prevalent than initially thought, suggesting that more investigations are needed to fully understand the within-day glucose dynamics of healthy people. In this paper, we conducted an analysis on a multi-modal dataset to examine the relationships between glycemic variability when people were awake and that when they were sleeping.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Right Temporal Parietal Junction Facilitates Spontaneous Micro-Expression Recognition.

Micro-expressions are fleeting and subtle emotional expressions. As they are spontaneous and uncontrollable by one's mind, micro-expressions are considered an indicator of genuine emotions. Their accurate recognition and interpretation promote interpersonal interaction and social communication.

Testing the distributed representation hypothesis in object recognition in two open datasets.

Neural representation has long been thought to follow the modularity hypothesis, which states that each type of information corresponds to a specific brain area. Though supported by many studies, this hypothesis surfers the pitfall of inefficiency for information encoding. To overcome difficulties the modularity representation hypothesis faced, researchers have proposed that information may be distributed represented in a specific brain area.

Mortality salience enhances neural activities related to guilt and shame when recalling the past.

Mortality salience (MS) influences cognition and behavior. However, its effect on emotion (especially moral emotions) and the underlying neural correlates are unclear. We investigated how MS priming modulated guilt and shame in a later recall task using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

A Multi-Level Classification Approach for Sleep Stage Prediction With Processed Data Derived From Consumer Wearable Activity Trackers.

Consumer wearable activity trackers, such as Fitbit are widely used in ubiquitous and longitudinal sleep monitoring in free-living environments. However, these devices are known to be inaccurate for measuring sleep stages. In this study, we develop and validate a novel approach that leverages the processed data readily available from consumer activity trackers (i.

Pretending to Be Better Than They Are? Emotional Manipulation in Imprisoned Fraudsters.

Fraud can cause severe financial losses and affect the physical and mental health of victims. This study aimed to explore the manipulative characteristics of fraudsters and their relationship with other psychological variables. Thirty-four fraudsters were selected from a medium-security prison in China, and thirty-one healthy participants were recruited online.

Injectable microfluidic hydrogel microspheres based on chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as chondrocyte carriers.

Direct injection of chondrocytes in a minimally invasive way has been regarded as the significantly potential treatment for cartilage repair due to their ability to fill various irregular chondral defects. However, the low cell retention and survival after injection still limited their application in clinical transformation. Herein, we present chondrocyte-laden microspheres as cell carriers based on a double-network hydrogel by the combination of the chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA).

Accuracy of Fitbit Wristbands in Measuring Sleep Stage Transitions and the Effect of User-Specific Factors.

Background: It has become possible for the new generation of consumer wristbands to classify sleep stages based on multisensory data. Several studies have validated the accuracy of one of the latest models, that is, Fitbit Charge 2, in measuring polysomnographic parameters, including total sleep time, wake time, sleep efficiency (SE), and the ratio of each sleep stage. Nevertheless, its accuracy in measuring sleep stage transitions remains unknown.

Are Proselfs More Deceptive and Hypocritical? Social Image Concerns in Appearing Fair.

Deception varies across individuals and social contexts. The present research explored how individual difference measured by social value orientations, and situations, affect deception in moral hypocrisy. In two experiments, participants made allocations between themselves and recipients with an opportunity to deceive recipients where recipients cannot reject their allocations.

Validity of Consumer Activity Wristbands and Wearable EEG for Measuring Overall Sleep Parameters and Sleep Structure in Free-Living Conditions.

Consumer sleep tracking technologies offer an unobtrusive and cost-efficient way to monitor sleep in free-living conditions. Technological advances in hardware and software have significantly improved the functionality of the new gadgets that recently appeared in the market. However, whether the latest gadgets can provide valid measurements on overall sleep parameters and sleep structure such as deep and REM sleep has not been examined.

Antioxidant action and protective and reparative effects of lentinan on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells.

Background: Lentinus edodes is one of the largest edible fungi. Lentinan, extracted from its fruiting body has clinically significant anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticoagulant effects; however, its preventive effects on skin oxidative damage are unclear.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidation capability of lentinan and its protective and reparative effects on a model of cell oxidative damage.

Washing away your sins in the brain: physical cleaning and priming of cleaning recruit different brain networks after moral threat.

The association between moral purity and physical cleanliness has been widely discussed recently. Studies found that moral threat initiates the need of physical cleanliness, but actual physical cleaning and priming of cleaning have inconsistent effects on subsequent attitudes and behaviors. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the underlying neural mechanism of actual physical cleaning and priming of cleaning.