[Summary of the 2023 European Society of Cardiology clinical guidelines on the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well known. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 18 million people die from CVDs worldwide every year, accounting for 31% of all causes of death [1]. CVDs often develop concomitantly with diabetes mellitus (DM), with approximately 20% of cardiovascular deaths attributed to elevated blood glucose levels [2].

[Resolution on the results of the first working meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board «Actual problems of glycemic variability as a new criterion of glycemic control and safety of diabetes therapy»].

June 19, 2018 the meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board took place in Moscow, chaired by Professor G.R. Galstyan, (co-chair - A.

Mechanisms of action of metformin with special reference to cardiovascular protection.

Management guidelines continue to identify metformin as initial pharmacologic antidiabetic therapy of choice for people with type 2 diabetes without contraindications, despite recent randomized trials that have demonstrated significant improvements in cardiovascular outcomes with newer classes of antidiabetic therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of metformin's therapeutic actions on blood glucose and cardiovascular clinical evidence and to consider the mechanisms that underlie them. The effects of metformin on glycaemia occur mainly in the liver, but metformin-stimulated glucose disposal by the gut has emerged as an increasingly import site of action of metformin.

Prediabetes management in the Middle East, Africa and Russia: Current status and call for action.

Most data on the burden of diabetes and prediabetes are from countries where local infrastructure can support reliable estimates of the burden of non-communicable diseases. Countries in the Middle East and Africa, together with Russia, have a total population of almost 2 billion, but have been relatively overlooked by authors in this field. We reviewed the prevalence and drivers of prediabetes and diabetes across this large region.

[Growth disorders after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood].

Aim: To evaluate the character of growth disorders and risk factors of their development after treatment of acute lympho- blastic leukemia (ALL) patients in childhood.

Materials And Methods: In this study 25 patients (16 women and 9 men) who had undergone treatment for ALL in childhood were assessed. Patients underwent polychemo- therapy and cranial irradiation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus management and body mass index: experiences with initiating insulin detemir in the a1chieve study.

Introduction: This sub-analysis of the A1chieve study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir (IDet) initiation over 24 weeks in relation to baseline body mass index (BMI) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A1chieve was a 24-week non-interventional study to assess the safety and efficacy of insulin analogs in routine practice. This sub-analysis included insulin-naïve patients who initiated IDet therapy based on their physicians' decision.

Insulin detemir in the management of type 2 diabetes in non-Western countries: safety and effectiveness data from the A₁chieve observational study.

Aims: This subgroup analysis of the A₁chieve study examined data from 15,545 people who started treatment with insulin detemir ± oral glucose-lowering drugs in routine clinical care.

Methods: A₁chieve was a 24-week, international, prospective, non-interventional study of people with type 2 diabetes from non-Western nations starting treatment with basal insulin detemir, bolus insulin aspart or biphasic insulin aspart 30, alone or in combination, to evaluate their safety and effectiveness in routine clinical practice.

Results: HbA₁c for the global cohort improved after 24 weeks from 9.

Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with type 2 diabetes switching from basal-bolus insulin regimens in the A1chieve study.

Aims: Biphasic insulin aspart 30 allows fewer daily injections versus basal-bolus insulin regimens, which may improve adherence and treatment outcome. This sub-analysis of the observational A1chieve study assessed clinical safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with type 2 diabetes previously receiving basal-bolus insulin regimens.

Methods: A1chieve was an international, open-label, 24-week study in people with type 2 diabetes starting/switching to biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir or insulin aspart.

Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in different age-groups: a1chieve sub-analysis.

Introduction: Effective management of type 2 diabetes requires sustained glycemic control over many years, which can be particularly challenging for elderly people. This sub-analysis of the A1chieve study evaluated the clinical safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in 3 age-groups (≤40, >40-65, and >65 years) of previously insulin-experienced and insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A1chieve was an international, multicenter, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, 24-week study in people with type 2 diabetes who had been receiving anti-diabetes medication before starting, or switching to, therapy with biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir or insulin aspart (alone or in combination) in routine clinical practice.

Comparison of National/Regional Diabetes Guidelines for the Management of Blood Glucose Control in non-Western Countries.

Introduction: Development of higher standards for diabetes care is a core element of coping with the global diabetes epidemic. Diabetes guidelines are part of the approach to raising standards. The epidemic is greatest in countries with recent rises in income from a low base.

Improvements in quality of life associated with insulin analogue therapies in people with type 2 diabetes: results from the A1chieve observational study.

Aims: To determine the effects on quality of life after starting insulin with, or switching to, insulin analogue therapies in the 24-week, prospective, non-interventional, observational A(1)chieve study conducted across four continents in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed at baseline and at 24 weeks by the validated EQ-5D questionnaire (visual analogue score [VAS] and five dimensions) in 66,726 people who had started using basal insulin detemir, mealtime insulin aspart (with or without a basal insulin) or biphasic insulin aspart 30.

Results: For the overall cohort, reported HRQoL increased significantly by 13.

Observational studies: going beyond the boundaries of randomized controlled trials.

The term observational study describes a wide range of study designs including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies, a defining feature of which is that any intervention studied is determined by clinical practice and not the protocol. Data from large, prospective observational studies provide information about the safety and efficacy of medicines in daily clinical use. Such observational studies are generally carried out once a medicine has received approval from regulatory agencies.

[Comparison of the effects of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and atorvastatin treatment on lipid metabolism and C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Aim: To compare effects of atorvastatin treatment and carbohydrate metabolism compensation on lipid spectrum and a C-reactive protein (CRP) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: The lipid spectrum was studied in a random sample of 165 patients (66 males, 99 females) with type 2 DM (age median 57 years, duration of the disease 7 years). Out of this sample 26 patients with LDLP cholesterol >3 mmol/l were randomized into 2 groups.

[Use of metformin (siofor) in patients with gout and insulin resistance (pilot 6-month results)].

Aim: To evaluate metformin efficacy and safety in patients with gout and insulin resistance (IR).

Material And Methods: The trial included 26 patients with gout (criteria of the American collage of rheumatologists) and IR (index HOMA). The inclusion criteria were the following: absence of antigout therapy, normal hepatic and renal function, rejection of alcohol.

[Insulin resistance syndrome in patients with gout and its influence on formation of clinical characteristics of the disease].

Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of immunoresistance (IR) syndrome in gout and its correlation with a gout course.

Material And Methods: Anthropometric parameters, blood lipid spectrum, levels of glucose, uric acid (UA), immunoreactive insulin, HOMA index were studied in 55 male patients with gout (mean age 50.1 +/- 7.