Obtaining the Most Accurate, Explainable Model for Predicting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Triangulation of Multiple Linear Regression and Machine Learning Methods.

Background: Lung disease is a severe problem in the United States. Despite the decreasing rates of cigarette smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be a health burden in the United States. In this paper, we focus on COPD in the United States from 2016 to 2019.

Socioeconomic characteristics, cancer mortality, and universal health coverage: A global analysis.

Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all individuals attaining accessible health interventions at an affordable cost. We examined current patterns and temporal trends of cancer mortality and UHC across sociodemographic index (SDI) settings, and quantified these association.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and Our World in Data.

Combining fecal immunochemical testing and questionnaire-based risk assessment in selecting participants for colonoscopy screening in the Chinese National Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Screening reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) burden by allowing early resection of precancerous and cancerous lesions. An adequate selection of high-risk individuals and a high uptake rate for colonoscopy screening are critical to identifying people more likely to benefit from screening and allocating healthcare resources properly. We evaluated whether combining a questionnaire-based interview for risk factors with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outcomes for high-risk assessment is more efficient and economical than a questionnaire-based interview-only strategy.

Risk-Adapted Starting Age of Personalized Lung Cancer Screening: A Population-Based, Prospective Cohort Study in China.

Background: The current one-size-fits-all screening strategy for lung cancer is not suitable for personalized screening.

Research Question: What is the risk-adapted starting age of lung cancer screening with comprehensive consideration of risk factors?

Study Design And Methods: The National Lung Cancer Screening program, a multicenter, population-based, prospective cohort study, was analyzed. Information on risk factor exposure was collected during the baseline risk assessment.

Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Adherence to Fecal Occult Blood Tests in Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Screening adherence is important in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. Disparity in CRC screening adherence was observed in populations of different socioeconomic status (SES), but the direction and strength of the association remained unclear.

Objective: We aimed to systematically review all the observational studies that have analyzed the association between SES and adherence to organized CRC screening based on fecal occult blood tests.

Geographic disparities in trends of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 and a projection to 2030 across income-classified countries and territories.

Background: The rising incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has generated growing concern globally; yet there are no studies examining whether this incidence was followed by a rise in related mortality. We aimed to comprehensively quantify current trends and future projections of TC incidence and mortality, and to explore the association between the TC burden and socioeconomic inequality in different income strata.

Methods: We obtained incidence and mortality data on TC and population from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the United Nations' World Population Prospects 2022.

Modifiable risk-attributable and age-related burden of lung cancer in China, 1990-2019.

Background: There were limited studies on the quantification of the modifiable and nonmodifiable lung cancer burden over time in China. Furthermore, the potential effect of risk factor reduction for lung cancer on gains in life expectancy (LE) remains unknown.

Methods: This study explored temporal trends in lung cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributable to modifiable risk factors from 1990 to 2019, based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

A strategy to reduce the false-positive rate after low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: The ability of lung cancer screening to manage pulmonary nodules was limited because of the high false-positive rate in the current mainstream screening method, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). We aimed to reduce overdiagnosis in Chinese population.

Methods: Lung cancer risk prediction models were constructed using data from a population-based cohort in China.

Disparities in the global burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer from 1990 to 2019.

Background: Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer imposes a high disease burden globally, and its pattern varies greatly across regions and countries. This study aimed to explore the global burden and temporal trends of TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) metrics (number, crude rate, and age-standardized rates), and the attributable risk fraction of DALY of TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019 in 21 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions, four World Bank income regions, 204 countries and territories, and the globe were obtained from the up-to-date GBD 2019 study.

Identification of specific susceptibility loci for the early-onset colorectal cancer.

Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC; patients < 50 years old) has been rising rapidly, whereas the EOCRC genetic susceptibility remains incompletely investigated. Here, we aimed to systematically identify specific susceptible genetic variants for EOCRC.

Methods: Two parallel GWASs were conducted in 17,789 CRC cases (including 1490 EOCRC cases) and 19,951 healthy controls.

Risk-Adapted Starting Age for Personalized Colorectal Cancer Screening: Validated Evidence From National Population-Based Studies.

Background & Aims: A one-size-fits-all approach to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening that does not account for CRC risk factors is not conducive to personalized screening. On the basis of the principle of equal management of equal risks, we aimed to tailor and validate risk-adapted starting ages of CRC screening for individuals with different CRC risk factors.

Methods: A multi-center community-based population cohort (N = 3,165,088) was used to evaluate the starting age of CRC screening with comprehensive consideration of risk factors.

Use of Breast Cancer Risk Factors to Identify Risk-Adapted Starting Age of Screening in China.

Importance: Although current guidelines highlight the need for earlier screening in women at increased risk of breast cancer in China, data on risk-adapted starting ages of screening are limited.

Objective: To explore the risk-adapted starting age of breast cancer screening in China, with comprehensive consideration of breast cancer risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter community-based cohort study was conducted under the framework of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China.

Risk-stratified Approach for Never- and Ever-Smokers in Lung Cancer Screening: A Prospective Cohort Study in China.

Over 40% of lung cancer cases occurred in never-smokers in China. However, high-risk never-smokers were precluded from benefiting from lung cancer screening as most screening guidelines did not consider them. We sought to develop and validate prediction models for 3-year lung cancer risks for never- and ever-smokers, named the China National Cancer Center Lung Cancer models (China NCC-LC models).

Sex disparity of lung cancer risk in non-smokers: a multicenter population-based prospective study based on China National Lung Cancer Screening Program.

Background: Non-smokers account for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, especially in Asia, but the attention paid to them is limited compared with smokers. In non-smokers, males display a risk for lung cancer incidence distinct from the females-even after excluding the influence of smoking; but the knowledge regarding the factors causing the difference is sparse. Based on a large multicenter prospective cancer screening cohort in China, we aimed to elucidate the interpretable sex differences caused by known factors and provide clues for primary and secondary prevention.

Lung cancer risk prediction models based on pulmonary nodules: A systematic review.

Background: Screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an efficient way to detect lung cancer at an earlier stage, but has a high false-positive rate. Several pulmonary nodules risk prediction models were developed to solve the problem. This systematic review aimed to compare the quality and accuracy of these models.

BMI changes and the risk of lung cancer in male never-smokers: A prospective cohort study.

Background: To investigate the association between the risk of lung cancer and short-term body mass index (BMI) changes in male never-smokers of a large population-based prospective study.

Methods: A total of 37,085 male never-smokers from Kailuan cohort with at least ≥2 BMI measurements were recruited in the present study. The BMI change in the follow-up was calculated as the annual percent change between BMI at last examination and that at baseline, and categorized into five groups: stable (-0.

Follow-up care delivery in community-based hypertension and type 2 diabetes management: a multi-centre, survey study among rural primary care physicians in China.

Background: Follow-up care is crucial but challenging for disease management particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare resources and clinical capacity, yet few studies have been conducted from the perspective of rural primary care physicians (PCPs). We assessed the frequency of follow-up care delivered by rural PCPs for hypertension and type 2 diabetes - the two most common long-term conditions.

Methods: We conducted a multi-centre, self-administered survey study built upon existing general practice course programmes for rural PCPs in four provinces.