Altitude-related features and prognosis in patients with reversible splenial lesion syndrome.

Introduction: RESLES (Reversible splenial lesion syndrome) can be observed secondary to various diseases, and intramyelinic edema may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SCC (Splenium of the corpus callosum). Some studies have suggested that hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy may constitute a risk factor for SCC lesions. However, the potential impact of high-altitude environments on SCC, especially during chronic exposure, remain obscure.

The treatment of high concentration wastewater in the natural gas processing industry.

The operation of the Cansolv tail gas treatment device in natural gas plants generates acidic and alkaline wastewater from the venturi unit and amine purification unit (APU), respectively. The APU wastewater is complex in composition and contains hard-to-degrade organic matter, which can adversely impact the normal functioning of the water treatment system. This study assesses the efficacy of three ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (ozone (O), ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O/HO), and ozone/Fenton (O/Fenton)) for treating Cansolv wastewater, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) serving as indicators of organic degradation.

Universal platform for accurately damage-free mapping of sEVs cargo information.

SEVs (small extracellular vesicles) contents signatures appear to mirror pathological changes of diseases, and mapping sEVs contents profile is a promising approach for non-invasive diagnosis of the disease. Herein, we propose a universal system for accurately and damage-freely mapping of sEVs content profile using dual-recognition triggered CHA (catalytic hairpin assembly) and DNAzyme based signal amplification strategy. After immunoassay based capture of CD63 positive sEVs by anti-CD63 lgG coated on the surface of polystyrene plates, probes are incubated with fixed sEVs to penetrate sEVs membrane and act to sense sEVs contents.

Efficacy and safety of 3-n-butylphthalide combined with endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Background: The drug 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) was developed and approved in China, where it has been used to treat ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. It is also considered to have a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate whether NBP combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) can improve the clinical outcome and safety in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO).

A Comparison of Safety and Effectiveness Between Wingspan and Neuroform Stents in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting with the Wingspan stent has proven safe and effective in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS), but the off-label use of the Neuroform stent might be an alternative treatment. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the above two intracranial stents in patients with MCAS. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with symptomatic MCAS who had been treated with the Neuroform EZ or the Wingspan stent.

Values of Baseline Posterior Circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score for Treatment Decision of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of baseline posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS) on the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy (EVT) for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion.

Methods: The BASILAR was a nationwide prospective registry of consecutive patients with a symptomatic and radiologically confirmed acute basilar artery occlusion within 24 hours of symptom onset. We estimated the effect of standard medical therapy alone (SMT group) versus SMT plus EVT (EVT group) for patients with documented pc-ASPECTS on noncontrast CT, both as a categorical (0-4 versus 5-7 versus 8-10) and as a continuous variable.

Effect of Endovascular Treatment Alone vs Intravenous Alteplase Plus Endovascular Treatment on Functional Independence in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The DEVT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: For patients with large vessel occlusion strokes, it is unknown whether endovascular treatment alone compared with intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular treatment (standard treatment) can achieve similar functional outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether endovascular thrombectomy alone is noninferior to intravenous alteplase followed by endovascular thrombectomy for achieving functional independence at 90 days among patients with large vessel occlusion stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial conducted at 33 stroke centers in China.

DEVT: A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial of direct endovascular treatment versus standard bridging therapy for acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation - Protocol.

Background: Eight randomized controlled trials have consistently shown that endovascular treatment plus best medical treatment improves outcome after acute anterior proximal intracranial large vessel occlusion strokes. Whether intravenous thrombolysis prior to endovascular treatment in patients with anterior circulation, large vessel occlusion is of any additional benefits remains unclear.

Objective: This study compares the safety and efficacy of direct endovascular treatment versus intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator bridging with endovascular treatment (bridging therapy) in acute stroke patients with intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery-M1 occlusion within 4.

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein contributes to intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury via TLR4 signaling.

Introduction: Excessive neuroinflammation aggravates the brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), while the upstream mechanisms that initiate neuroinflammation remain unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is important to trigger inflammatory responses in ICH, and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been shown as a novel ligand of TLR4 by recent studies. However, whether the CIRP could trigger the neuroinflammation via activating TLR4 signaling in ICH still needs to be investigated.

Assessment of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion via a Nationwide Prospective Registry.

Importance: Several randomized clinical trials have recently established the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation. However, it remains uncertain whether patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) benefit from EVT.

Objective: To evaluate the association between EVT and clinical outcomes of patients with acute BAO.

Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Previous randomised trials have shown an overwhelming benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for treating patients with stroke caused by large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation. Whether endovascular treatment is beneficial for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of acute strokes due to vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.

Efficacy and safety of rescue stenting following failed mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: propensity score analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rescue stenting (RS) after failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation.

Methods: Consecutive patients who experienced failed reperfusion and subsequently did or did not undergo RS at 16 comprehensive stroke centers were enrolled from January 2015 to June 2018. Propensity score matching was used to achieve baseline balance between the patient groups.

Angioplasty and stenting for severe symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of intracranial vertebrobasilar artery.

This retrospective study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of the stent implanting for treating severe symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the intracranial vertebrobasilar artery (ICVBA). 213 patients who had undergone intervention for severe symptomatic ICVBA stenosis between September 2012 to May 2018 were enrolled into this study. Among the 213 enrolled patients, 210 patients (98.

Wall enhancement ratio determined by vessel wall MRI associated with symptomatic intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose: To study the association of the enhancement ratio (ER) of aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) with symptomatic intracranial aneurysms (IAs), we hypothesized that the ER of AWE would be stronger in symptomatic IAs than in asymptomatic IAs, as assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).

Materials And Methods: Between February 2016 and February 2018, 80 consecutive patients with 89 unruptured IAs were reviewed. Patients and IAs were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.

Clinical significances and features of prompt brain CT scan after intracranial artery stenting: analysis of 501 cases.

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious complication of intracranial artery stenting that could be fatal without timely identification and treatment. Prompt brain CT scan would help to evaluate whether cerebral hemorrhage occurs, however, the diverse features of the CT scan immediately after stenting could influence the judgement sometimes. Therefore, we analyzed and summarized these features to help to determine the clinical significance of these CT features.

Wall enhancement ratio and partial wall enhancement on MRI associated with the rupture of intracranial aneurysms.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors for rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) using high resolution MRI (HRMRI).

Methods: 91 consecutive patients with 106 IAs were reviewed from February 2016 to April 2017. Patients and IAs were divided into ruptured and unruptured groups.

The efficiency analysis of thrombolytic rt-PA combined with intravascular interventional therapy in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion.

In order to further optimize the treatment strategy for the patients with acute basilar artery occlusion, we were dedicated to study the therapeutic effects and influential factors in the process of treated basilar artery occlusion with thrombolytic combined vascular interventional therapy. 75 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with arterial thrombolytic therapy were analyzed retrospectively. In accordance with the discharge records of patients, their short-term curative effect with 24-hour treatment and 14-days treatment were evaluated.

Safety and Efficacy of Wingspan Stenting for Severe Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Stenosis of the Middle Cerebral Artery: Analysis of 278 Continuous Cases.

Objective: Our objective is to investigate the safety and long-term efficacy of the Wingspan stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) for treating severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Methods: A total of 278 consecutive patients from our stroke database with clinical symptoms within the prior 90 days and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis of 70% or above of the MCA were enrolled in this study between September 2012 and November 2014, and these patients were followed until the end of June 2015. The endpoint events included any stroke or death within 30 days after stenting and any subsequent ipsilateral ischemic stroke.

Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms with the Clinical Efficacy of Clopidogrel Therapy in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting in Asia.

The CYP2C19 gene plays a detrimental role in the metabolism of clopidogrel. This study aimed to investigate the association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy in patients who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS). CYP2C19 genotype screening was performed on 959 ischemic stroke patients.

Critical contribution of adenosine A2A receptors in bone marrow-derived cells to white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in distinct cellular types may exert different and even opposite effects on many neurologic disorders; A2ARs in bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) have been shown to play important roles in various brain injuries. We previously showed that global A2AR inactivation aggravates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions (WMLs); however, the specific cell populations responsible for A2AR-mediated signaling remain unknown. In the present study, we developed chimeric mice in which A2ARs were either selectively inactivated or reconstituted in BMDCs by transplanting bone marrow from global A2AR gene knockout or wild-type mice into wild-type or gene knockout mice, respectively.

Fractalkine promotes chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards ischemic brain lesions through Jak2 signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization.

The fractalkine (FKN)-CX3CR1 (FKN receptor) axis reportedly plays an important role in the progression of many neural pathologies. However, its role in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells for neurogenesis remains elusive. The chemokine-based mechanism underlying the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated in a double-chamber transmigration model with recombinant FKN and endogenous FKN extract, and the results confirmed the involvement of FKN in migration.

Novel Approaches in Evaluating and Predicting the Potential Benefit of Middle Cerebral Artery Angioplasty & Stenting.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate a novel approach to perform preoperative evaluation patients who underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS).

Method: Sixty-five patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis of at least >70% who underwent MCA PTAS were enrolled. The multimodal stroke assessment using CT (MOSAIC) score was used to evaluate the preoperative condition.

Effects of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal AchE fibers in rats.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) fibers in rats.

Methods: According to random digits table, 60 SD rats were divided into two groups, marrow stromal cells (MSCs) intracranial transplantation group and MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group. Marrow stromal cells were cultivated and isolated in vitro; 12 weeks after transplantation, spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats were assessed by Morris water maze; AchE staining method was used to observe changes in density and appearance of AchE staining positive fibers in hippocampal CA1 region.

Respiratory nursing interventions following tracheostomy in acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.

Tracheostomy is frequently performed in severe cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with the pulmonary dysfunction. A series of respiratory nursing interventions are required to plan tracheostomy removal. Tracheostomy was performed in 29 patients after acute traumatic cervical SCI.

Ultrasound-microbubble transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function after forebrain ischemia in adult mice.

In this study, bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were transplanted into the brain of adult rats after forebrain ischemia induced by 4VO. SD rats (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups: (I) rats (n = 20) were subjected to 4VO and transplanted with MSCs into the ischemic region using ultrasound-microbubble method, (2) rats (n = 20) were subjected to 4VO and transplanted with MSCs into the ischemic region (n = 20), and (3) 4VO alone (n = 20). Rats were sacrificed 28 days after treatment.