The role of apoptosis in blepharoptosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of blepharoptosis.

Patients And Methods: Forty-five eyelids of 43 consecutive patients (16 female, 27 males) that underwent levator resection surgery for ptosis correction were included in the study. Twenty-six of the eyelids had congenital myogenic ptosis and 19 had aponeurotic ptosis.

The effect of topical cyclosporine A on clinical findings and cytological grade of the disease in patients with dry eye.

Purpose: To compare the clinical findings and the cytological grade of the disease before and after 6 months of topical cyclosporine A treatment in patients with dry eye.

Setting: : This single-center prospective study was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, between January 2007 and June 2008.

Method: Forty-five patients with dry eye (with 5 mm/5 minutes or less Schirmer test) were included in the study.

Ultrasound biomicroscopic evaluation of the efficacy of a transillumination technique for ciliary sulcus localization in transscleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the transillumination technique for precisely locating the ciliary sulcus in transscleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) by determining the haptic positions with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to determine the haptic positions in eyes with ab externo transsclerally fixated PC IOLs.

A comparative study of tissue glue and vicryl suture for conjunctival and scleral closure in conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy.

Aim: To describe the use of tissue glue to close scleral and conjunctival wounds, and to compare the clinical outcomes using tissue glue and vicryl suture for closing these areas in conventional 20-gauge (G) vitrectomy.

Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients were included in this study. The indications for vitreoretinal surgery were diabetic vitreous haemorrhage with severe vitreoretinal traction in 10 eyes, retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy in 14 eyes, and vitreous opacity in 6 eyes.

Ciliary body thickness in unilateral high axial myopia.

Purpose: To compare the thickness of the ciliary bodies of eyes with unilateral high axial myopia with their relatively normal fellow eyes.

Methods: A total of 19 patients with unilateral high axial length (AL) were included in the study. Mean patient age was 28.

Tissue glue in sutureless vitreoretinal surgery for the treatment of wound leakage.

Background And Objective: To assess the surgical outcomes of the use of tissue glue to close sclerotomy sites when required and the views of ultrasound biomicroscopy of the sclerotomy sites in 23- and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems.

Patients And Methods: A 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy was performed in 38 eyes and a 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy was performed in 46 eyes for various vitreoretinal diseases. Wound leakage occurred at the sclerotomy sites at the end of the surgery in 6 eyes with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 7 eyes with 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

Microphthalmos: clinical and ultrasonographic findings.

We analyzed ocular and ultrasonographic findings of microphthalmos and associated ocular and systemic pathologies in 27 microphthalmic eyes. A high incidence of consanguinous marriages (26%) was present among the parents of patients. Associated systemic abnormalities were growth retardation, congenital rubella, cleft lip and palate, facial hemangioma, inguinal hernia, clinodactyly, Hurler syndrome, Goltz-Gorlin syndrome and Hallermann-Streiff syndrome.

The use of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the evaluation of anterior segment tumors and simulating conditions.

Purpose: To report the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings of anterior segment tumors and simulating conditions.

Methods: Thirty-five patients underwent UBM. Of those, 16 had histopathologically or cytopathologically diagnosed tumors, and 19 had clinically diagnosed lesions.

The results of late probing in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of lacrimal probing in children at or older than 1 year of age with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Fifty eyes of 38 children (24 males, 14 females) with congenital epiphora who underwent nasolacrimal duct probing were evaluated in a prospective study. The age of the patients was between 12 and 101 months (mean: 33 months).

Drug-induced intraocular lens movement and near visual acuity after AcrySof intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the factors influencing AcrySof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories) movement and near visual acuity after cyclopentolate 1% and pilocarpine 2%.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.

Methods: Thirty eyes of 22 patients with AcrySof IOL implantation were included in this prospective study.

Morphology of corneal nerves and corneal sensation in dry eye: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal sensitivity and nerve morphology in dry eyes.

Methods: A total of 32 eyes of 16 patients (10 Sjogren's syndrome and six non-Sjogren's syndrome) and 19 eyes of 10 age-matched controls were studied. Sensitivity of the central cornea was measured by the Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the levator aponeurosis in congenital and aponeurotic blepharoptosis.

Purpose: To evaluate and measure the thickness of the levator aponeurosis by ultrasound biomicroscopy in congenital dysmyogenic and aponeurotic blepharoptosis.

Methods: Forty-four upper eyelids of 22 patients who had unilateral blepharoptosis were evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy. The patients ranged in age from 13 to 69 years (mean, 35.

Congenital ptosis and associated congenital malformations.

We report a case of unilateral congenital ptosis which is associated with ocular and systemic congenital malformations including mild microphthalmia, microcornea, cataract, iris and chorioretinal coloboma, ectopic kidney, and ventricular septal defect. An inciting factor, acting during the second month of gestation, may affect the development of the eye, heart, and abdomen and may lead to congenital malformations. Although congenital ptosis rarely presents with ocular and systemic congenital malformations, ophthalmologists should be alert for the possibility of coexisting structural defects.

Quantitative lacrimal scintigraphy after dacryocystorhinostomy.

Background And Objective: To evaluate lacrimal drainage in patients who have undergone successful dacryocystorhinostomy using quantitative dacryoscintigraphy.

Patients And Methods: This study included 72 eyes of 72 patients. There were 26 males and 46 females, with a mean age of 39.

Ocular complication of intralesional corticosteroid injection of a chalazion.

Purpose: To report a major complication of intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of a chalazion.

Methods: A 28-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of decreased vision in her left eye that developed after corticosteroid injection to her upper eyelid for the treatment of chalazion. The visual acuity was 20/20 in her right and finger counting in her left eye.

Nasolacrimal system: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR dacryocystography with a three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-recalled technique.

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient-recalled (FSPGR) MR dacryocystography in patients with epiphora. Bilateral nasolacrimal systems of 19 patients suspected of having nasolacrimal canal obstruction were evaluated with MR dacryocystography. A sterile 0.

Pediatric alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation.

Absence or deficiency of tear volume (alacrima) is rarely seen in pediatric ophthalmology. It is often a part of the multiple systemic anomalies like Riley-Day syndrome and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, or it may be associated with adrenal gland insufficiency, achalasia, and neurologic disorders like Allgrove's syndrome. We report on a 7-year-old girl presenting alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation with normal adrenocortical function.

Results of endoscopic endonasal non-laser dacryocystorhinostomy.

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is a procedure that presents itself as an alternative choice to the conventional external approach. This study describes the results of endoscopic endonasal non-laser lacrimal surgery. We reported the data of 64 procedures of 63 patients with epiphora or chronic dacryocystitis who underwent primary EN-DCR by means of a microdrill or revision EN-DCR.

Otolaryngological findings in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and implications for prognosis.

Aim: To investigate otolaryngological abnormalities associated with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and their effect on the prognosis.

Methods: 65 consecutive cases of CNLDO were followed up with routine otorhinolaryngological examination with tympanometry.

Results: Otitis media with effusion (OME) and uvula bifida were detected in 44.

Congenital lacrimal fistula.

Purpose: Congenital lacrimal fistula is a rare abnormality of the lacrimal system. The patients may be asymptomatic but treatment of those with symptoms such as epiphora and dacryocystitis is still controversial.

Methods: The clinical findings, methods of surgical treatment and results were evaluated in seven patients (four male, three female) with congenital lacrimal fistula.

Corneal topography in patients with congenital ptosis.

Purpose: To determine the effect of congenital ptosis on corneal shape, and to assess the role of these topographic changes in the development of amblyopia.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with congenital ptosis were examined and a corneal topographic examination performed in both the ptotic and normal eyes. The qualitative corneal classification was done according to the colour-coded topographic maps.

Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase in diabetic rat lenses.

The activities of the protective enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme acting as a source of O(-)(2), were measured in the lenses of alloxan-induced diabetic and control rats. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were found to be significantly decreased, while catalase and xanthine oxidase activities were increased. This means that the ratio of the oxidant/antioxidant enzymes increases in the diabetic rat lens, suggesting an increased oxidative stress.

Lacrimal sac dilatation in balloon dacryocystoplasty.

The authors report a case of balloon dacryocystoplasty in a patient who had a dilated lacrimal sac found in conventional surgery. A 52-year-old woman presented with persistent epiphora after a failed balloon dacryocystoplasty. She underwent an external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Adjunctive use of mitomycin C on endoscopic lacrimal surgery.

Aims: Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has some advantages over external DCR as a less invasive method with no skin incisions. But the success rate of the operation has not reached the level of external method. In this study, a wound healing inhibitor mitomycin C was used intraoperatively to prevent the closure of the osteum after the operation.

Histopathologic effects of mitomycin-C on endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

Background And Objectives: The antimetabolite mitomycin-C is now being used in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomies to prevent the closure of osteotomies.

Patients And Methods: A 0.5-mg/ml solution of mitomycin-C was applied to the osteotomy site for 2 1/2 minutes intraoperatively.