Can subdural hematoma be a trigger for Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy which follows a precipitating event in approximately two thirds of cases. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, it is likely to be a consequence of an immune-mediated process. In the literature there are three case reports of GBS following subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and facial bone fracture after head trauma.

Neurologic complications after renal transplant.

Objectives: Neurologic complications are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo transplants. We sought to evaluate the nature and incidence of neurologic complications in patients undergoing a renal transplant.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2007, 132 adults (35 women, 97 men; mean age, 34.

A diagnostic challenge of Parkinson's disease: intractable hiccups.

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the diagnosis depends mostly on clinical assessment so it is important to be aware of less common symptoms of the disease for correct diagnosis and therapy. We describe a patient with intractable hiccups as a very unusual presentation of Parkinson's disease.

Cerebral fat embolism studied with MRI and SPECT.

In a patient with fat embolism to the brain CT showed no abnormality. MRI performed after recovery from coma, when the patient had aphasia and quadriparesis, demonstrated multiple high signal abnormalities in the white matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images. HMPAO-SPECT showed left-sided hypoperfusion which resolved in parallel with clinical improvement 1 month later.

Hot water epilepsy.

The clinical and EEG features of 10 patients with hot water epilepsy were presented. Eight of the 10 cases were male. The mean age of onset was 4.

EEG and the linear skull fractures.

The EEGs of 111 children under the age of 16, and 21 adults after a head injury with a linear skull fracture were reviewed. From our results it can be concluded that linear skull fractures do not add any significant abnormality or any variation to what is stated for EEGs of minimal to mild concussions.

Hemidystonia due to porencephalic cyst. A case report.

We present a 28-year old patient with left hemidystonia since early childhood after head trauma. This is the first report of a patient who had hemidystonia due to CT proven porencephalic cyst involving the caudate nucleus.

The prognosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in adults. Report of 8 cases and review of the literature.

In this article, 8 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are presented with a review of the literature. The symptoms developed during pregnancy in 2 cases. All of the patients died within 1 year duration except one.

High dose anticholinergic therapy (biperiden) in dystonia.

We studied the effect of biperiden in the treatment of dystonia in six patients aged 15-30 years. Five patients had generalized and one patient had segmental dystonia. Biperiden was started at a dose of 2 mg/day and was gradually increased to 40 mg/day in a few weeks.

Electrophysiological evidence for activation of NMDA receptors and its antagonism by MK-801 in cerebral ischemia.

We studied the effects of iontophoretically administered MK-801 (50-150 nA) on ischemic changes on the CA1 hippocampal field potential. Twenty rats under urethane anesthesia, of which the hippocampal field response was depressed or lost upon ligation of the carotid arteries, were used. MK-801 applications starting before carotid ligation, decreased the depression of the field response in 8 of 11 trials.

Acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy: passive transfer to mice by immunoglobulin.

Systemic administration of acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) immunoglobulins to mice for two weeks resulted in reduced sural nerve action potential amplitudes and reduced (rotarod) motor performance. Electron microscopic examination of the sciatic nerves of the AIDP-immunoglobulin-treated animals revealed loosening of myelin lamellae with widening of interperiod lines and multivesicular disruption of myelin. Vacuolar degeneration was detected in half of the nerves examined by light microscopy.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the basilar artery: a case with brain stem stroke.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the basilar artery is a rare and usually asymptomatic vascular disease with only 5 cases reported in the literature. A thirty-eight-year-old man who developed ischemic neurologic symptoms of the brain stem due to dysplasia of the basilar artery is presented, and the clinical features, radiology, treatment, and prognosis of this disease are discussed in correlation with the current data.

Lid lag and the Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Lid lag in Guillain-Barré syndrome is not a well-known feature of the disease. Here we present two cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome with lid lag. In its formation, supranuclear levator dysfunction was the possible cause.

Whistling epilepsy: a case report.

Whistling, as an ictal symptom, has been previously reported in frontal lobe epilepsy. For the first time in the literature, we present a patient with complex partial seizures of the temporal region associated with this peculiar symptom.

Thrombosis of intracranial venous sinuses: aetiology, clinical findings and prognosis of 56 patients.

Cerebral venous thrombosis may occur as a complication of infectious and noninfectious processes. In this study 56 patients with angiographically proven cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affecting dural sinuses are being reported. Sixty-one percent of the patients were female and 60% were below 30 years of age.

[A case of hemiballismus during cryptococcal meningitis].

We present a case of hemiballismus related to cryptococcal meningitis. A 23 year-old man was hospitalized because of involuntary movements of his left side, confusion, hyperpyrexia, neck stiffness, bilateral papilledema, right hemiparesis and bilateral pyramidal signs. Diagnosis was made by CSF examination demonstrating cryptococci by india ink.

[Two treated cases of botulism].

Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum which exert their effects on peripheral nerve junctions. Guillain-Barre syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, acute Poliomyelitis and diphtheria must be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this study we have discussed two patients who were treated in our clinic, the differential diagnosis and the role of anti-Cholinesterase drugs in the treatment.

Severe ptosis without ophthalmoplegia due to porphyric neuropathy.

In this case report, we present a patient with severe ptosis without ophthalmoplegia due to porphyric neuropathy. This could be explained only by selective involvement of oculomotor nuclei.

Parinaud syndrome due to solitary pineal metastasis.

Parinaud syndrome due to metastatic lesion of the pineal gland has been reported rarely in the literature. We present a case of Parinaud syndrome with solitary pineal metastasis of an oat cell carcinoma.

Optic neuropathy in Behçet's disease.

Optic neuropathy in Behçet's disease is rare, despite wide ocular and neurological involvement. Progressive atrophy of the optic disc and severe visual loss is not uncommon in Behçet's disease; however, visual loss due to acute optic neuropathy is less well known. We report three cases of optic neuropathy in Behçet's disease.

Intravenously and iontophoretically administered naloxone reverses ischemic changes in rat hippocampus.

Forty rats under urethane anesthesia were subjected to cerebral ischemia by ligation of the right carotid, the right plus the left carotid, or the right carotid plus two vertebral arteries. Ischemia caused three types of changes in the field potential of the right hippocampal CA1 region evoked by fimbrial stimulation: 1) completely reversible deterioration (57% and 16% of the rats with unilateral and bilateral carotid artery ligation, respectively), 2) moderate deterioration (37% and 24% of the rats with unilateral and bilateral carotid artery ligation) and 3) irreversible loss of the evoked activity (6% and 60% of the rats with unilateral and bilateral carotid artery ligation and all the rats subjected to three-vessel occlusion). Naloxone improved the moderate deterioration in 10 of 11 rats (1-3 mg/kg i.

Spinal brucellosis. A case with "cauliflower" appearance on CT.

In this case report, we present a patient with an unusual appearance on vertebral CT due to spinal brucellosis. This "cauliflower" sign may be specific to this disease.