Alternative polyadenylation in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) serves as a crucial mechanism for the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and influences gene expression by generating diverse mRNA isoforms. This process is regulated by a diverse array of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which selectively bind to specific sequences or structures within the pre-mRNA molecule. Dysregulation of APA and its associated RBPs has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disease, and cancer.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of heparin-binding protein in cerebrospinal fluid for patients with intracranial infections.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for patients with intracranial infections.

Methods: This study included 211 subjects, of whom 138 were diagnosed with intracranial infections, 20 were patients with non-infectious inflammatory encephalopathies, and 53 controls who were eventually excluded from intracranial infections and inflammatory encephalopathies. The levels of HBP and procalcitonin (PCT) in CSF were detected in the subjects, and the diagnostic value of CSF HBP and PCT for intracranial infections was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Downregulated YTHDF2 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with inflammatory and neutrophil cytokine production.

Objectives: An increasing body of evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in the etiology of SLE. We focused on YTHDF2 expression in neutrophils and the relationship between YTHDF2 and the pathogenesis of SLE.

Methods: Sixty-one patients with SLE and 48 healthy controls (HC) were recruited, and their clinical characteristics were recorded.

Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition With Segmentation Synonym Sentence Synthesis Mechanism: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Clinical named entity recognition (CNER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing used to extract named entities from electronic medical record texts. In recent years, with the continuous development of machine learning, deep learning models have replaced traditional machine learning and template-based methods, becoming widely applied in the CNER field. However, due to the complexity of clinical texts, the diversity and large quantity of named entity types, and the unclear boundaries between different entities, existing advanced methods rely to some extent on annotated databases and the scale of embedded dictionaries.

Revealing the Microbial Origins of -Lactoyl Amino Acids in Soy Sauce: Synthesis Conditions, Potential Enzymes, and Utilization Preference.

The flavor contribution of -lactoyl amino acids (Lac-AAs) to soy sauce is gradually gaining attention. However, research on their formation mechanism is limited. In this study, the production of Lac-AAs of 12 species of yeasts commonly detected in soy sauce was investigated, and , , and were identified as key yeasts because of their productivity and high correlation coefficients with peak areas of Lac-AAs ( > 0.

Correction to "Validation of Serotransferrin in the Serum as Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Label-Free LC/MS".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00837.

Synthesis, taste characteristics and taste mechanism of N-lactoyl leucine from soy sauce using sensory analysis and UPLC-MS/MS.

Recently, amino acid derivatives gradually gained attention, but studies on N-lactoyl-leucine (Lac-Leu) and N-lactoyl-isoleucine (Lac-Ile) are limited. This study aims to explore the contributions of Lac-Leu and Lac-Ile to soy sauce. Lac-Leu and Lac-Ile were synthesized via enzymatic synthesis method catalyzed by Tgase.

Circulating TIGITPD1TPH, TIGIT PD1TFH cells are elevated and their predicting role in systemic lupus erythematosus.

It is well established that increased peripheral helper T cells (TPH) and follicular helper T cells (TFH) was found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the expression patterns and immunomodulatory roles of TIGIT and PD1 on TPH/TFH in SLE are poorly understood. The expression patterns of TIGIT and PD1 on TPH and TFH cells were examined using flow cytometry and their expression patterns in SLE patients were then further evaluated for their correlation with auto-antibodies, disease activity and severity, B cell differentiation.

Neutrophil lncRNA ZNF100-6:2 is a potential diagnostic marker for active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) poses challenges in rapid diagnosis within complex clinical conditions. Given the close association between neutrophils and tuberculosis, we explored differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neutrophils as potential molecular markers for diagnosing active PTB. We employed a gene microarray to screen for lncRNA alterations in neutrophil samples from three patients with active PTB and three healthy controls.

Using combination of albumin to fibrinogen ratio and prognostic nutritional index model for predicting disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is chronic autoimmune disease with multiple organ damage and is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Identification of universal biomarkers to predict SLE activity is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study aimed to identify the indicators that are sensitive and specific to predict activity of SLE.

Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles and Their Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Pursuing knowledge about circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and their competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) was the focus of this research. Expression patterns of circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were searched for in relation to HBV-related HCC using whole-transcriptome sequencing. The expression levels of chosen circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Decreased expression of NAT10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from new-onset ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical significance.

Background: NAT10 is the firstly recognized RNA acetyltransferase that participates in multiple cellular biological processes and human disease. However, the role of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still poorly elaborated.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with New-Onset AS, 52 healthy controls (HC), 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were recruited from The First Afliated Hospital of Nanchang University, and their clinical characteristics were recorded.

Hsa_circ_0044235 and hsa_circ_0001947 as novel biomarkers in plasma of patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Circular RNA (circRNA) are novel types of non-coding RNA that may be used as non-invasive noninvasive biomarkers in clinical plasma samples. However, the role of circRNA in plasma samples from patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been extensively investigated. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to screen differentially-expressed circRNA (hsa_circ_0000175, hsa_circ_0044235, hsa_circ_0068367, hsa_circ_0002316, hsa_circ_0104871, hsa_circ_0001947, hsa_circ_0001481, hsa_circ_0008675, hsa_circ_0082689 and hsa_circ_0082688) in plasma samples isolated from 22 patients with new-onset SLE and 22 healthy control (HC).

Six categories of amino acid derivatives with potential taste contributions: a review of studies on soy sauce.

During the fermentation of soy sauce, the metabolism of microorganisms and the Maillard reaction produce a wide variety of metabolites that contribute to the unique and rich flavor characteristics of soy sauce, such as amino acids, organic acids and peptides. Amino acid derivatives, a relatively new taste compounds, formed by the reaction of enzymes or non-enzymes from sugars, amino acids, and organic acids released through metabolism by microorganisms during soy sauce fermentation, have begun to gain more and more attention in recent years. This review focused on our existing knowledge of the sources, taste characteristics and synthesis methods of the 6 categories of amino acid derivatives, including Amadori compounds, γ-glutamyl peptides, pyroglutamyl amino acids, N-lactoyl amino acids, N-acetyl amino acids and N-succinyl amino acids.

Increased sIL-2Rα leads to obstruction of IL-2 biological function and Treg cells differentiation in SLE patients binding to IL-2.

Background: The decrease of IL-2 level is believed to play an important role in the disease occurrence and development of SLE, but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Many studies have found that the level of soluble interleukin 2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα) in SLE patients is significantly increased. Considering the fact that sIL-2Rα has the ability to bind IL-2, we want to know whether the increased sIL-2Rα has some impact on the level and function of IL-2 in SLE patients.

Increased TIGITPD‑1CXCR5CD4T cells are associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

It is well established that increased programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) CD4T cells are found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a co-inhibitory receptor that is expressed on T cells. However, the expression patterns and immunomodulatory roles of TIGIT on PD1CXCR5CD4T cells in RA are poorly understood.

Platelets correlate with false negative T-SPOT.TB results by inhibiting interferon-γ production in T cells degranulation.

Background: T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) is widely used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by detecting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release in T lymphocytes. This assay is performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, which often contain some residual platelets.

Validation of Serotransferrin in the Serum as Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Label-Free LC/MS.

This study aimed to identify secreted protein biomarkers in serum from the label-free LC/MS proteomics of neutrophils in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients for the diagnosis biomarkers of TB label-free LC/MS. The proteomic profiles of neutrophils from 15 active TB patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using label-free LC/MS. We identified 358 differentially expressed proteins preliminarily, including 279 up-regulated proteins and 79 down-regulated proteins.

[LRG47/EBP50 recombinant lentivirus-targeted vector vaccine enhances anti-tuberculosis immunity of RAW264.7 macrophages and its mechanism].

Objective To investigate the effect of the gene vaccine in anti-tuberculosis immunity by constructing immunity-related p47 GTPase/ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (LRG47/EBP50) gene co-expression recombinant lentivirus targeting vector. Methods Recombinant lentiviral plasmid vector pLenti-EBP50-LRG47 was established by using molecular cloning and packaged as lentivirus LV-EBP50-LRG47 and H37Rv infect macrophages. Then their bactericidal ability was tested by colony-forming units while the cellular autophagy and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.

Combined identification of three lncRNAs in serum as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) is a common, highly invasive malignant tumor associated with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to identify the effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HBV-related HCC. With HBV-related HCC RNA-sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 159 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) between HBV-related HCC and para-carcinoma normal samples were identified, and 12 lncRNAs were eventually assessed for deeper research.

Expression and clinical significance of the m6A reader in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients.

As an important m6A reader, the YT521-B homology domain family 2 (YTHDF2) has been shown to regulate mRNA degradation and translation, and to be involved in inflammation. However, little is known about the role of YTHDF2 in the autoimmune-based inflammatory disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To begin to ascertain any role for this reader, 74 RA patients and 63 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study.

Expression and Clinical Significance of the m6A RNA-Binding Proteins in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From New-Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis.

This study has focused on determining the association of m6A methyltransferase [methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), and Wilms tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP)], demethylase [fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkylation repair homolog protein 5 (ALKBH5)], RNA-binding proteins [YT521-B homology domains 2 (YTHDF2)], and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A total of 154 specimens, containing 79 patients with new-onset AS and 75 healthy controls (HCs), participated in the study. The mRNA expressions of these m6A methyltransferase, demethylase, and RNA-binding protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

PPARγ Ameliorates H37Ra-Induced Foamy Macrophage Formation via the ABCG1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux Pathway in THP-1 Macrophages.

Foamy macrophages are present during the course of () infection and seems to be nutrient-rich reservoir and secure reservoir for the bacilli, which leads to bacterial persistence and infection transmission. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor for cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and its role in regulating atherosclerosis related foamy macrophages (FMs) formation has been well-studied. However, knowledge about the mechanism of PPARγ regulating infection induced FM formation remains very limited.