Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): A case-based review.

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, manifesting with gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, ptosis and peripheral neuropathy. Diffuse leukoencephalopathy in brain MRI is a hallmark of MNGIE. We report a case of a 21-year-old female with MNGIE, presenting with cachexia and chronic diarrhea.

Survival Outcome Prediction in Glioblastoma: Insights from MRI Radiomics.

Extracting multiregional radiomic features from multiparametric MRI for predicting pretreatment survival in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) patients is a promising approach. MRI data from 49 IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients pre-treatment were utilized. Diffusion and perfusion maps were generated, and tumor subregions segmented.

"Long-term MRI findings in Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with TNF inhibitors for a decade".

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the active and chronic lesions in sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine over a decade of TNFi therapy in patients with AS.

Methods: The study enrolled patients with AS under treatment with a TNFi for over a decade. The patients underwent a new MRI scan of their lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint (SIJ).

The Role of Novel Imaging and Biofluid Biomarkers in Traumatic Axonal Injury: An Updated Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a subtype of TBI resulting from high-impact forces that cause shearing and/or stretching of the axonal fibers in white matter tracts. It is present in almost half of cases of severe TBI and frequently associated with poor functional outcomes.

Brain Perfusion Changes in a Patient with Facial Trauma.

A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of left facial trauma with bone fractures, including the maxillary sinus, zygomatic arch, and ethmoid and sphenoid bones. Brain computed tomography was unremarkable but regional cerebral blood flow with hexamethyl-propylene-amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed hypoperfusion of the left hemisphere, which was reversible since a repeat SPECT 4 months later was substantially improved. Brain perfusion SPECT may provide information on cerebrovascular status in some cases of facial injury.

Therapeutic Potential of Linearol in Combination with Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma In Vitro.

Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant and lethal forms of primary brain tumors in adults. Linearol, a kaurane diterpene isolated from different medicinal plants, including those of the genus Sideritis, has been found to possess significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. In this study, we aimed to determine whether linearol could exhibit anti-glioma effects when given alone or in combination with radiotherapy in two human glioma cell lines, U87 and T98.

Differentiation Between True Tumor Progression of Glioblastoma and Pseudoprogression Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Perfusion-Weighted Imaging: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: On brain magnetic resonance imaging, both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) are used to evaluate cerebral tumors. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of DWI and PWI in differentiating between pseudoprogression and true tumor progression of glioblastoma.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the PubMed database from January 2000 to December 2019 for relevant studies.

Functional connectivity and microstructural changes of the brain in primary Sjögren syndrome: the relationship with depression.

Background: Fatigue and depression are among the most common manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but information is lacking on the relationship with brain function and microstructural changes.

Purpose: To investigate microstructural changes and brain connectivity in pSS, and to evaluate their relationship with fatigue and depression.

Material And Methods: The study included 29 patients with pSS (mean age 61.

Postpartum intracranial hypotension complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report.

To present an unusual case of posterior encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) preceded by intracranial hypotension. We present a case of a 27-year-old parturient with an uneventful pregnancy that shortly after labor developed a persistent headache with characteristics compatible with intracranial hypotension. The patient had undergone epidural anesthesia for caesarian section.

Ιnteractions between and and Their Hosts (L.) and (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Balsamo (Vuillemin) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and the entomopathogenic fungus (Wize) Brown and Smith (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were examined on young adults of (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Functional and structural connectivity of the brain in very preterm babies: relationship with gestational age and body and brain growth.

Background: Structural and functional changes of the brain have been reported in premature babies.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of functional and structural connectivity with gestational age, body growth and brain maturation in very preterm babies.

Materials And Methods: We studied 18 very preterm babies (gestational age: mean ± standard deviation, 29.

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare ocular lymphoid malignancy, which consists a subset of primary central system lymphoma (PCNSL) and the most common type of intraocular lymphoma. The involvement of eyes is estimated to be approximately 20% of PCNSL, but the brain involvement may be up to 80% of PVRL. Typically, PVRL is a high grade B-cell malignancy of the retina and needs to be assorted from choroidal low-grade B-cell lymphomas.

Radiation Necrosis, Pseudoprogression, Pseudoresponse, and Tumor Recurrence: Imaging Challenges for the Evaluation of Treated Gliomas.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant type of brain neoplasm in adults and carries a dismal prognosis. The current standard of care for GBM is surgical excision followed by radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy (TMZ) by six additional cycles. In addition, antiangiogenic therapy with an antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent has been used for recurrent glioblastoma.

Adult intradural extramedullary teratoma of the spinal cord: A case presentation.

Teratomas involving the spinal cord are very rare tumors that affect more commonly children than adult. We report a rare case of an intradural extramedullary teratoma arising in the region of conus medullaris in a previously healthy adult patient. The lesion was totally excised and the postsurgical outcome was favorable.

Multifocal alterations of white matter accompany the transition from normal cognition to dementia in Parkinson's disease patients.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pattern of white matter (WM) changes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD)-related cognitive impairment by using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) measures. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was performed in 21 PD-patients with dementia (PDD) and in an age-matched control group including 40 PD-patients without dementia (PD-CTRL). The Parkinson's disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) was used for patients' neuropsychological assessment.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome without glaucoma: White matter abnormalities detected by conventional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose: To assess macro- and microstructural brain changes in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS).

Materials And Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examination and brain MRI were conducted on 20 patients with PXS without glaucoma (aged 62.75 ± 0.

Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics and Inherited Optic Neuropathies.

Inherited optic neuropathies are a genetically diverse group of disorders mainly characterized by visual loss and optic atrophy. Since the first recognition of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, several genetic defects altering primary mitochondrial respiration have been proposed to contribute to the development of syndromic and non-syndromic optic neuropathies. Moreover, the genomics and imaging revolution in the past decade has increased diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, allowing recognition of a link between mitochondrial dynamics machinery and a broad range of inherited neurodegenerative diseases involving the optic nerve.

The association between multiple sclerosis and spondylosis: When and why.

Objectives: To evaluate risk factors for the development of cervical spine spondylosis (CSS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to propose a pathogenetic mechanism.

Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients aged 23-66 years with MS and 42 age and sex matched controls were evaluated retrospectively; Clinical disability was evaluated with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and spasticity with the Asworth score. Total brain lesion volume (BLV), total grey matter (GM) volume and deep GM volume were assessed.

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT and MRI in Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia.

We report a 61-year-old woman who presented because of gradually progressive speech disorders. MRI scan revealed left temporal lobe atrophy with ex vacuo dilatation of the temporal horn and atrophy of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobe. These findings in brain perfusion SPECT corresponded to a generalized hypoperfusion of the left hemisphere, particularly prominent on the rear parietal cortex and the temporal lobe.

Abnormalities of brain neural circuits related to obesity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study.

Purpose: Increased Body-Mass-Index (BMI) has been associated with brain atrophy in both gray and white matter structures. However, little is known concerning the integrity of white matter tracts in obesity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pattern of changes in white matter microstructure in human adiposity.

The role of diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic susceptibility perfusion MRI in the evaluation of meningioma grade and subtype.

Purpose: We prospectively investigated the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dynamic susceptibility perfusion (DSP) MRI metrics and grade, subtype and Ki-67 labelling index of meningiomas. MATERIALS AND ΜETHODS: Thirty-nine patients operated for meningioma were included in the study. DTI and DSP were performed within a week prior to surgical excision.

Diffusion tensor imaging in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: tract-based spatial statistics assessment of brain microstructural changes.

Background: There is evidence of microstructural changes in normal-appearing white matter of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Objective: To evaluate major white matter tracts in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using tract-based spatial statistics diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis.

Materials And Methods: Eight children (mean age ± standard deviation: 8.