Resting posture drives the evolution of agonistic displays in bats.

Agonistic displays are one of the most diverse social behaviors that have important functions in animal's life history. However, their origin and driving factors have largely been unexplored. Here, we evaluated agonistic displays of 71 bat species across 10 families and classified these displays into two categories: (a) boxing displays where a bat attacks its opponent with its wrist and thumb and (b) pushing displays where a bat uses its head or body to hit a rival.

Salt-tolerant endophytic bacterium B30 enhance bermudagrass growth under salt stress by modulating plant physiology and changing rhizosphere and root bacterial community.

Osmotic and ionic induced salt stress suppresses plant growth. In a previous study, B30, isolated from , improved seed germination, root length, and seedling length of bermudagrass () under salt stress. In this study, B30 application improved fresh weight and dry weight, carotenoid and chlorophyll levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, indole acetic acid content and K concentration.

A multi-parameter study of the etiological diagnosis of hyponatremia after hypothalamic tumor surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the difference between cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in patients with hyponatremia after hypothalamic tumor surgery, and to explore a convenient and effective way to identify CSWS and SIADH.

Methods: Patients undergoing craniotomy of hypothalamic tumor admitted to the Department of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from December 2018 to May 2020 were enrolled in this study. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 24-h urine sodium, 24-h urine volume, and the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVCD) were measured daily before operation and 1-7 days after operation, to analyze differences in plasma BNP, 24-h urinary sodium excretion, 24-h urine volume, and IVCD between the CSWS and SIADH.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Sellar Region with a 5-Year Medical History: Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare benign lesion, and there are few cases reported in children. Its histogenesis is controversial, and it is difficult to strictly differentiate it from craniopharyngioma (CP), Rathke's cleft cyst, or pituitary adenoma.

Case Presentation: A 16-year-old boy presented with a rare xanthogranuloma of the sellar region after complaining of retardation of growth 5 years previously.

Multifactor Prognostic Evaluation of Postoperative Craniopharyngiomas.

Purpose: To evaluate various factors that could be associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with craniopharyngiomas and provide evidence for the proper surgical course and optimal outcome assessments of craniopharyngiomas.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study and reviewed 68 patients with craniopharyngiomas who received surgery from May 2013 to October 2018. The relationships between the disease prognosis and age, gender, onset symptoms, size of tumor, degree of calcification, consistency, QST classification, adhesion strength, and pathological types were analyzed.