Santalum album L. alleviates cardiac function injury in heart failure by synergistically inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through multiple components.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex cardiovascular syndrome with high mortality. Santalum album L. (SAL) is a traditional Chinese medicine broadly applied for various diseases treatment including HF.

Molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in breast and liver cancer cells.

Background: Cancer is a fatal disease that severely affects humans. Designing new anticancer strategies and understanding the mechanism of action of anticancer agents is imperative.

Hypothesis/purpose: In this study, we evaluated the utility of metformin and D-limonene, alone or in combination, as potential anticancer therapeutics using the human liver and breast cancer cell lines HepG2 and MCF-7.

High dose isoleucine stabilizes nuclear PTEN to suppress the proliferation of lung cancer.

Purpose: Cancer cells require a supply of amino acids, particularly essential amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, i.e., valine, leucine, and isoleucine), to meet the increased nutrient demands of malignant tumors.

Unraveling the mechanism of alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides Linn combined with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on systems pharmacology.

Quinolizidine alkaloids, as essential active ingredients extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn (SAL), have been proven to be pharmacologically active in a variety of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether these alkaloids have substantial benefits in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for the treatment of NSCLC is unknown. Here, we explore the potential of these alkaloids in combination with ICB therapy based on a systems pharmacology and bioinformatics approach.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function through multi-level mechanisms revealed by systems pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an incurable heart disease, contributing to an increased risk of heart failure due to the lack of safe and effective strategies. Therefore, searching for new approaches to treat CH is urgent. Centella asiatica (L.

Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Oncogenic Role and Prognostic Value of F-Box Only Protein 22.

The F-box protein 22 (FBXO22), an F-box E3 ligase, has been identified to be critically involved in carcinogenesis. However, a systematic assessment of the role of FBXO22 across human cancers is lacking. Here, we performed a pan-cancer analysis to explore the role of FBXO22 in 33 cancer types using multiomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Effects of seasonal variation on the biology and morphology of the dusky cotton bug, (Kirby).

The dusky cotton bug (, KIRBY) a pest of several crops. The effects of winter and summer on the biology and morphology was investigated. The sampled eggs of dusky cotton bug (DCB) were kept under controlled environment for biological and morphological investigations.

NOGEA: A Network-oriented Gene Entropy Approach for Dissecting Disease Comorbidity and Drug Repositioning.

Rapid development of high-throughput technologies has permitted the identification of an increasing number of disease-associated genes (DAGs), which are important for understanding disease initiation and developing precision therapeutics. However, DAGs often contain large amounts of redundant or false positive information, leading to difficulties in quantifying and prioritizing potential relationships between these DAGs and human diseases. In this study, a network-oriented gene entropy approach (NOGEA) is proposed for accurately inferring master genes that contribute to specific diseases by quantitatively calculating their perturbation abilities on directed disease-specific gene networks.

Systematic Evaluation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Competitive Endogenous RNA Networks in Prostate Cancer.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks act as essential mechanisms in tumor initiation and progression, but their diagnostic and prognostic significance in prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood. Presently, using the RNA expression data derived from multiple independent PCa-related studies, we constructed a high confidence and PCa-specific core ceRNA network by employing three lncRNA-gene inference approaches and key node filter strategies and then established a logistic model and risk score formula to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic values, respectively. The core ceRNA network consists of 10 nodes, all of which are significantly associated with clinical outcomes.

Systems pharmacology reveals the multi-level synergetic mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves for cardiomyopathy treatment.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure and may lead to increased risk of sudden cardiac death, lacking simple, safe and effective treatment strategies due to unclear pathogenesis. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBLs), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used in clinical medicine for improving blood circulation, and was demonstrated to be effective on cardiomyopathy in preclinical studies.

Systems-level analysis identifies key regulators driving epileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent and often devastating form of epilepsy. The molecular mechanism underlying the development of TLE remains largely unclear, which hinders the discovery of effective antiepileptogenic drugs. Here we adopted a systems-level approach integrating transcriptomic profiles of three epileptogenesis stages to identify key regulators underlying epilepsy progression.

System-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese herbs SINI Decoction for Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of death in the world, owing to noticeable incidence and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) SINI Decoction (SND) is used to prevent and treat CVDs, which has attracted extensive attention for its moderate and little side effects. However, the involved molecular mechanisms are exceedingly complicated and remain unclear.

Identification of Early Salinity Stress-Responsive Proteins in by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis.

Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic factors that inhibit plant growth. has been recognized as a model organism for stress response research due to its high capacity to tolerate extreme salt stress. A proteomic approach based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the proteome of during early response to salt stress and identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs).

Systems-Mapping of Herbal Effects on Complex Diseases Using the Network-Perturbation Signatures.

The herbs have proven to hold great potential to improve people's health and wellness during clinical practice over the past millennia. However, herbal medicine for the personalized treatment of disease is still under investigation owing to the complex multi-component interactions in herbs. To reveal the valuable insights for herbal synergistic therapy, we have chosen Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a case to illustrate the art and science behind the complicated multi-molecular, multi-genes interaction systems, and how the good practices of herbal combination therapy are applicable to personalized treatment.

Clarifying of the potential mechanism of Sinisan formula for treatment of chronic hepatitis by systems pharmacology method.

Chronic hepatitis is a general designation class of diseases, which results in different degrees of liver necrosis and inflammatory reaction, followed by liver fibrosis, may eventually develop into cirrhosis. However, the molecular pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis is too complex to elucidate. Herbal medicines, featured with multiple targets and compounds, have long displayed therapeutic effect in treating chronic hepatitis, though their molecular mechanisms of contribution remain indistinct.

Correction to: dengue virus causes changes of MicroRNA-genes regulatory network revealing potential targets for antiviral drugs.

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an author's name was spelt incorrectly in the original published article. Yonghua Wang was previously spelt "Yonghua Wan". This has now been corrected in the revised version of the article.

Dengue virus causes changes of MicroRNA-genes regulatory network revealing potential targets for antiviral drugs.

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is an increasing global health threat and associated with induction of both a long-lived protective immune response and immune-suppression. So far, the potency of treatment of DENV via antiviral drugs is still under investigation. Recently, increasing evidences suggest the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating DENV.

Elucidation of the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Bupleuri and Scutellariae Radix Using System Pharmacological Analyses.

This study was aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the combined application of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix and explored the potential therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs on inflammation-related diseases. After searching the databases, we collected the active ingredients of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix and calculated their oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) based on the absorption-distribution-metabolism-elimination (ADME) model. In addition, we predicted the drug targets of the selected active components based on weighted ensemble similarity (WES) and used them to construct a drug-target network.

Systems Pharmacology Based Study of the Molecular Mechanism of SiNiSan Formula for Application in Nervous and Mental Diseases.

Mental disorder is a group of systemic diseases characterized by a variety of physical and mental discomfort, which has become the rising threat to human life. Herbal medicines were used to treat mental disorders for thousand years in China in which the molecular mechanism is not yet clear. To systematically explain the mechanisms of SiNiSan (SNS) formula on the treatment of mental disorders.

Systems Pharmacology Dissection of the Integrated Treatment for Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Disorders by Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Though cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are different diseases associated with different organs, they are highly correlated clinically. Importantly, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), similar treatment strategies have been applied in both diseases. However, the etiological mechanisms underlying them remain unclear.

Systematic understanding the mechanisms of vitiligo pathogenesis and its treatment by Qubaibabuqi formula.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder, which results in substantial cosmetic disfigurement and poses a detriment to patients' physical as well as mental. Now the molecular pathogenesis of vitiligo still remains unclear, which leads to a daunting challenge for vitiligo therapy in modern medicine. Herbal medicines, characterized by multi-compound and multi-target, have long been shown effective in treating vitiligo, but their molecular mechanisms of action also remain ambiguous.

Weak-binding molecules are not drugs?-toward a systematic strategy for finding effective weak-binding drugs.

Designing maximally selective ligands that act on individual drug targets with high binding affinity has been the central dogma of drug discovery and development for the past two decades. However, many low-affinity drugs that aim for several targets at the same time are found more effective than the high-affinity binders when faced with complex disease conditions, such as cancers, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to appreciate the importance and reveal the features of weak-binding drugs and propose an integrated strategy for discovering them.

Systems-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Saffron Formula Reveals Multi-scale Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarding as "the world's first killer" of human beings in recent years owing to the striking morbidity and mortality, the involved molecular mechanisms are extremely complex and remain unclear. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adheres to the aim of combating complex diseases from an integrative and holistic point of view, which has shown effectiveness in CVDs therapy. However, system-level understanding of such a mechanism of multi-scale treatment strategy for CVDs is still difficult.

Multi-scale modeling of cell survival and death mediated by the p53 network: a systems pharmacology framework.

The determination of cell fate is a key regulatory process for the development of complex organisms that are controlled by distinct genes in mammalian cells. To interpret the decision process in a rigorous, analytical framework, we performed a multi-scale simulation of cell fate decision mediated by the p53 regulatory network in a systems pharmacology framework. The model treats fate determination as a gradual response to stress that delays the initiation of apoptosis to give the cell an opportunity to survive.

Large-scale Direct Targeting for Drug Repositioning and Discovery.

A system-level identification of drug-target direct interactions is vital to drug repositioning and discovery. However, the biological means on a large scale remains challenging and expensive even nowadays. The available computational models mainly focus on predicting indirect interactions or direct interactions on a small scale.