Nanovaccines empowering CD8 T cells: a precision strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy leveraging nanovaccines represents a cutting-edge frontier in precision medicine, specifically designed to potentiate CD8 T cell-based immunotherapy. This review thoroughly delineates the evolving landscape of cancer nanovaccine development, emphasizing their advantageous role in modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance CD8 T cell efficacy. We critically analyze current innovations in nanovaccine design, focusing on their capacity to deliver tumor antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants effectively.

SR-A3 suppresses AKT activation to protect against MAFLD by inhibiting XIAP-mediated PTEN degradation.

Scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SR-A3) is implicated in metabolic diseases; however, the relationship between SR-A3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has not been documented. Here, we show that hepatic SR-A3 expression is significantly reduced in human and animal models in the context of MAFLD. Genetic inhibition of SR-A3 in hamsters elicits hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis under chow-diet condition, yet escalates in diet-induced MAFLD.

Motor protein KIF13B orchestrates hepatic metabolism to prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: Kinesin family member 13B (KIF13B), a crucial motor protein, exerts multiple cellular biological functions. However, the implication of KIF13B in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has not been explored yet. This study aimed to investigate KIF13B's role and underlying mechanism in MAFLD and proposes it as a potential pharmacological target.

Effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction in the rat model.

Stem cell treatment may enhance erectile dysfunction (ED) in individuals with cavernous nerve injury (CNI). Nevertheless, no investigations have directly ascertained the implications of varying amounts of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on ED. We compare the efficacy of three various doses of HUC-MSCs as a therapeutic strategy for ED.

Multi-modal transport of intensity diffraction tomography microscopy with an electrically tunable lens [Invited].

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is an important technique for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of semi-transparent biological samples, enabling volumetric visualization of living cells, cultures, and tissues without the need for exogenous dyes. However, ODT faces significant challenges in imaging complex biological specimens due to the limited specificity of refractive index (RI) and the coupled relationship between absorption and phase in image formation. Here, we present multi-modal transport of intensity diffraction tomography (MM-TIDT), a high-speed 3D microscopy technique that integrates an electrically tunable lens with modified illumination patterns to decouple phase and absorption information.

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Janthinoid A.

The asymmetric total synthesis of janthinoid A has been accomplished for the first time in 14 steps without using a protecting group. The -decalin subunit and the rigid oxabicyclo[3.2.

Chest tube provocative clamping in patients having moderate or intense air leaks after lung resection to accelerate recovery.

Background: Postoperative air leak is the most common complication after pulmonary resection. "Provocative clamping" was first described in 1992 in the context of guiding chest tube removal despite persistent air leak. However, early provocative clamping after pulmonary resection has not been evaluated.

The hidden weavers: A review of DNA/RNA R-loops in stem cell biology and therapeutic potential.

R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of RNA-DNA hybrids, are increasingly recognized as central regulators of genomic stability and transcription. These structures play critical roles across various cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, and gene regulation, with significant implications for stem cell biology and disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively explores the molecular underpinnings of R-loop formation, emphasizing the dual nature of R-loops in both facilitating normal cellular functions and contributing to genomic instability.

Targeting cancer with precision: strategical insights into TCR-engineered T cell therapies.

T cell receptor-engineered T (TCR-T) cell therapies are at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy, offering a transformative approach that significantly enhances the ability of T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This innovative method involves genetically modifying TCRs to increase their affinity for tumor-specific antigens. While these enhancements improve the ability of T cells to recognize and bind to antigens on cancer cells, rigorous assessment of specificity remains crucial to ensure safety and targeted responses.

Orchestrating cancer therapy: Recent advances in nanoplatforms harmonize immunotherapy with multifaceted treatments.

Advancements in cancer therapy have increasingly focused on leveraging the synergistic effects of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities, facilitated by the use of innovative nanoplatforms. These strategies aim to augment the efficacy of standalone treatments while addressing their inherent limitations. Nanoplatforms enable precise delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, which enhances treatment specificity and reduces systemic toxicity.

Sulfate Oxyanion Steered d-Orbital Electronic State of Nickel-Iron Nanoalloy for Boosting Electrocatalytic Performance.

Oxyanion groups recently offer an innovative avenue for improving the sluggish kinetics of electrochemical reactions benefitting from their particular polyanion configurations and large electronegativity. Nevertheless, the exact structure design and deep regulating mechanism of oxyanion species remain poorly understood. Herein, a fresh architecture of the sulfate oxyanion coordinated nickel-iron nanoalloy on nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotube (SO -NiFe/NSCT) is newly proposed to study the activity increment effect and mechanism.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces immunogenic cell death and enhances cancer immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

The induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate antitumor immune response to potentiate cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we observed the antitumor activity following combinatorial therapy with anti-CTLA4 antibody and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in CT26 tumors.Indeed, EGCG triggered colon cancer cells ICD with the secretion of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and the surface expression of calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70).

Optimizing CD8 T cell-based immunotherapy via metabolic interventions: a comprehensive review of intrinsic and extrinsic modulators.

CD8 T cells are integral to the effective management of cancer and infectious diseases due to their cytotoxic functions. The efficacy of these cells is profoundly influenced by their metabolic state, which regulates their activation, differentiation, and longevity. Accordingly, the modulation of metabolic pathways within CD8 T cells is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of T cell-based immunotherapy.

PSFHS challenge report: Pubic symphysis and fetal head segmentation from intrapartum ultrasound images.

Segmentation of the fetal and maternal structures, particularly intrapartum ultrasound imaging as advocated by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) for monitoring labor progression, is a crucial first step for quantitative diagnosis and clinical decision-making. This requires specialized analysis by obstetrics professionals, in a task that i) is highly time- and cost-consuming and ii) often yields inconsistent results. The utility of automatic segmentation algorithms for biometry has been proven, though existing results remain suboptimal.

A Customized Strategy Realizes Stable Cycle of Large-Capacity and High-Voltage Layered Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

High-voltage P2-NaNiMnO layered oxide cathode exhibits significant potential for sodium-ion batteries, owing to the elevated operating voltage and theoretical energy density beyond lithium iron phosphate, but the large-volume phase transition is the devil. Currently, this type cathode still suffers from stability-capacity trade-off dilemma. Herein, a concept of customized strategy via multiple rock-forming elements trace doping is presented to address the mentioned issue.

LC-MS based metabolomics identification of natural metabolites against .

is a soil-borne pathogen that poses a serious threat to the quality and yield of hundreds of crops worldwide, particularly tobacco production. Using metabolomics technology, we investigated natural metabolites from disease-conducting soil (DCS) and disease-suppressing soil (DSS) of tobacco rhizosphere as fungicides to control tobacco Fusarium wilt (TFW), which is mainly caused by . Furthermore, the antifungal mechanisms of these natural metabolites were preliminarily elucidated through various assessments, including antifungal activity determination, chemotaxis effect tests, PI staining experiments, and measurements of extracellular conductivity and protein content.

Interplay between fluorine and cadmium on intestinal accumulation, oxidative stress, permeability and inflammatory response in rats.

Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) have given rise to public concern regarding their adverse impacts on the environment and human beings. Yet, the toxic interplay between F and Cd on the intestine is still vague. Aiming to investigate the role of F on Cd-damaged intestine, a total of five groups of 30 SD rats were picked at random to be gavaged for 90 days: Control group (Ultra-pure water), Cd (Cd 1 mg/kg), Cd+LF (Cd 1 mg/kg+F 15 mg/kg), Cd+MF (Cd 1 mg/kg+F 45 mg/kg), and Cd+HF (Cd 1 mg/kg+F 75 mg/kg).

Morpho-histological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Unreduced Sperm Formation Mechanism in cdk1-Depletion Zebrafish.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are major molecules related to cell cycle regulation. Polyploidy can be caused by the production of unreduced gametes, which is often related to the abnormal cell cycle of germ cells. Here, we successfully constructed a cdk1 mutation line (cdk1) in zebrafish, a commonly used model organism.

Chemoselective Construction of Polycyclic Heterocycles Containing a [6-6-5] or [7-6-5] Tricyclic Core Skeleton from a 2-Isocyanophenyl Propargylic Ester.

Functionalized isocyanide chemistry represents an important research area in organic synthesis. A structurally unique 2-isocyanophenyl propargylic ester has been designed to incorporate the reactivity of isocyanide and propargylic ester functionalities. Thus, the reaction of 2-isocyanophenyl propargylic ester and 2-aminoaromatic aldimine facilitates the synthesis of a wide range of polycyclic benzo[b] indolo [3,2-h][1,6] naphthyridine derivatives.

Sensory nerves drive migration of dental pulp stem cells via the CGRP-Ramp1 axis in pulp repair.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are responsible for maintaining pulp structure and function after pulp injury. DPSCs migrate directionally to the injury site before differentiating into odontoblast-like cells, which is a prerequisite and a determinant in pulp repair. Increasing evidence suggests that sensory neuron-stem cell crosstalk is critical for maintaining normal physiological functions, and sensory nerves influence stem cells mainly by neuropeptides.

Enhancing Hole Transport Uniformity for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells through Optimizing Buried Interface Contacts and Suppressing Interface Recombination.

[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) self-assembly material has been recognized as a highly effective approach for mitigating nickel oxide (NiO) surface-related challenges in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, its uneven film generation and failure to effectively passivate the buried interface defects limit the device's performance improvement potential. Herein, p-xylylenediphosphonic acid (p-XPA) containing bilateral phosphate groups (-POH) is introduced as an interface layer between the NiO/Me-4PACz and the perovskite layer.