Structure-activity relationship analysis of meta-substituted N-cyclopropylmethyl-nornepenthones with mixed KOR/MOR activities.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) remains a significant global challenge, with current treatment options offering limited efficacy. Agonists targeting the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), especially those with additional mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonistic activity, have shown promise in addressing SUD. In this study, a series of meta-substituted N-cyclopropylmethyl-nornepenthone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were assessed, leading to the identification of a KOR/MOR dual modulator, compound 10a.

Predictive framework of vegetation resistance in channel flow.

Predicting vegetation-induced flow resistance remains a significant challenge due to the diverse and dynamic nature of river vegetation. Although numerous empirical models are available, they often fail to generalize across different environmental conditions, leading to inaccurate predictions. This study introduces a machine learning-based framework for predicting vegetation flow resistance, incorporating nine ML methods, including SVM, XGBoost, and BP.

Gene expression changes in blastocyst hatching affect embryo implantation success in mice.

In mammalian embryonic development, blastocyst hatching is essential for normal implantation and development of the fetus. We reported previously that blastocysts hatching out of the zona pellucida (ZP) exhibited site preferences that were associated with pregnancy outcomes. To characterize these site differences, we analyzed the transcriptomes in the following developing mouse blastocysts within 16 h of hatching: expanding (E), hatching from the A-site (A), B-site (B), and C-site (C), hatched (H), and non-hatching (N).

CXCR2 modulates chronic pain comorbid depression in mice by regulating adult neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus.

Research shows that chronic pain may induce depression-like behaviors through impairing adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in the ventral dentate gyrus (DG), whereas restoration of AHN may effectively alleviate depression. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a chemokine receptor involved in various neural activities of the hippocampus including AHN. In this study we investigated the role of CXCR2 of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the ventral DG in regulating both AHN and depression-like behaviors of mice with chronic neuropathic pain.

Magnetically controlled all-in-one sensing platform for triple-mode detection of organophosphorus pesticides using DNA tetrahedrons-polydopamine reporters.

Accurate and on-site detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in complex matrixes is important for environmental monitoring and food safety. Herein, a colorimetric (CL), photothermal (PT) and fluorescence (FL) triple-mode sensor was constructed for OPs detection based on magnetically controlled all-in-one platform, which was featured of specific recognition unit, abundant loading of DNA tetrahedrons-Fe-polydopamine (TDN-Fe-PDA) with peroxidase-like activity, and verifiable triple-mode signal output. Based on the aptamer-target recognition and efficient separation of MBs, large amount of TDN-Fe-PDA reporters was released.

Nanopore Confinement-driven Synchronous Enhancement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phase Change Materials.

Phase change materials (PCM) need highly thermally conductive inorganic porous skeletons to encapsulate and shape to reduce their leakage and enhance their thermal conduction. With the pore size shrinking to nanoscale, the crystallization, kinematic and thermal transport behaviors of PCM would be significantly changed. This work experimentally corroborates an intriguing nanopore confinement space effect that synchronously enhances the thermal conductivity and Young's modulus of representative PCM once encapsulated in nanoporous aluminum oxide using nanometer resolution thermal and mechanical mapping technique.

Delivering miR-23b-3p by small extracellular vesicles to promote cell senescence and aberrant lipid metabolism.

Background: Aging is a natural process that affects the majority of organs within the organism. The liver, however, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the organism's homeostasis due to its robust regenerative and metabolic capabilities. Nevertheless, the liver also undergoes the effects of aging, which can result in a range of metabolic disorders.

Revisiting of Cancer Immunotherapy: Insight from the Dialogue between Glycolysis and PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment.

The interplay between metabolic pathways and immune escape has emerged as a captivating research area in oncobiology. Among these, the Warburg effect stands out as a hallmark metabolic reprogramming in cancer, characterized by elevated glucose utilization and excessive lactic acid production through anaerobic glycolysis. Key glycolytic enzymes not only fulfill the bioenergetic demands of cancer cells but also exhibit moonlighting roles, including regulation of epigenetic modifications, protein kinase activity, and immune escape mechanisms, thereby reshaping the tumor microenvironment.

Dynamics of stable solitons of circular Pearcey Gaussian beams in a photorefractive strontium barium niobate crystal.

We explore the behavior of abruptly autofocusing (AAF) beams in a saturable nonlinear medium. Stable solitons with different distribution structures are found under different combinations of external electric field and light field structure. Furthermore, the evolution of circular Pearcey Gaussian (CPG) beams in a photorefractive strontium barium niobate crystal is investigated.

Decline in global biodiversity intactness over the past two decades.

Knowledge of the dynamics of biodiversity intactness and its spatial differentiation over different geographic regions of the world is crucial for the improved design of effective biodiversity conservation strategies. However, comprehensive investigations of the multiple indicators of biodiversity intactness across several spatial scales are lacking. The current study used an annual time series (2000-2020) of the biodiversity intactness index (BII) to investigate the mean magnitude, temporal trajectory, and relative changes in biodiversity intactness at the national, regional, and global levels.

Functional chitosan/HP-β-CD hydrogel for targeted co-delivery of Rhubarb-derived nanovesicles and kaempferol for alleviating ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) remains a major challenge in clinical treatment due to its multivariate pathology. Developing an oral formulation that encapsulates and delivers multiple active ingredients to target colon tissues by suppressing intestinal inflammation and restoring the intestinal barrier is crucial for effectively treating UC. Here, we developed rhubarb-derived nanovesicles (RNs) and a supramolecular hydrogel platform formed by furfural-functionalized chitosan-mannose polymer and synthesized 3-maleimide HP-β-CD, with kaempferol (Kae) integrated into the hydrophobic cavity.

A power dependence model of the impact of leader impostorism on supervisor support and undermining: The moderating role of power distance.

Leaders, often perceived as possessing exceptional confidence and competence, are not immune to feelings of self-doubt. Leader impostorism describes the experience that one's attributes, experiences, skills, and abilities fall short of the standards expected in the leadership role, resulting in a sense of deception in fulfilling leadership responsibilities. While existing research has examined the antecedents and individual outcomes of leader impostorism, its implications for leaders' treatment of subordinates remain largely unexplored.

Intelligent Optimization Design Framework for Alternating Current Pulse Modulation Electrohydrodynamic Printing Process Parameters.

To achieve efficient size tuning of printed microstructures on insulating substrates, an integrated process parameter intelligent optimization design framework for alternating current pulse modulation electrohydrodynamic (AC-EHD) printing is proposed for the first time. The framework is comprised of two stages: the construction of a prediction model and the acquisition of process parameters. The first stage employs the elk herd optimizer(EHO)-artificial neural network(ANN) to establish a mapping relationship between printing process parameters and the size of deposited droplets.

A small cavity for detecting sound-induced flow.

A study is presented of a method for creating an acoustic flow sensor that is generally compatible with current silicon microfabrication processes. An aim of this effort is to obtain a design consisting of a minimal departure from the existing designs employed in mass-produced silicon microphones. Because the primary component in all of these microphones is the cavity behind the pressure-sensing diaphragm, we begin with a study of the acoustic particle velocity within a cavity in a planar surface.

Effect of artificial intelligence-based video-game system on dysphagia in patients with stroke: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Post-stroke dysphagia is highly prevalent and causes complication. While video games have demonstrated potential to increase patient engagement in rehabilitation, their efficacy in stroke patients with dysphagia remains unclear. This aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence-based video-game (AI-VG) intervention in improving swallowing function among stroke patients with dysphagia.

Regulatory function of endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer: Mechanism, facts, and perspectives.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an exceedingly common and profoundly impactful malignancy of the digestive system, posing a grave threat to human health. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an intracellular biological reaction that mobilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) to tackling dysregulation in protein homeostasis. This process subtly modulates the cell to either restore normal cellular function or steer it towards apoptosis.

Highly-Efficient Differentiation of Reactive Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Using Multi-Object Detection Network With Large Kernels.

Reactive lymphocytes are an important type of leukocytes, which are morphologically transformed from lymphocytes. The increase in these cells is usually a sign of certain virus infections, so their detection plays an important role in the fight against diseases. Manual detection of reactive lymphocytes is undoubtedly time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring a high level of professional knowledge.

Nanofiltration membranes with fast water transport induced by controlled interfacial diffusion to enhance desalination and micropollutant removal.

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes offer tremendous potential in wastewater reuse, desalination, and resource recovery to alleviate water scarcity and environmental contamination. However, separating micropollutants and charged ions from wastewater while maintaining high water permeation remains challenging for conventional NF membranes. Customizing diffusion and interaction behavior of monomers at membrane-forming interfaces is promising for regulating interior pore structures and surface morphology properties for polyamide NF membranes, reaching efficient screening and retaining of solutes from water.

Interfacial Confinement Effect of Self-Adsorbed Monolayer Enables Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes.

The practical applications of aqueous Zn metal batteries are promising, yet still impeded by the corrosion reactions and dendrite growth on the Zn metal anode. Here, a self-adsorbed monolayer (SAM) is designed to stabilize the Zn metal anode. Theory and experiment results show that the interfacial confinement effect of the SAM, for one thing, greatly suppresses the corrosion reactions through the HO-poor inner Helmholtz plane because of the steric-hindrance effect, and for another, alleviates the Zn concentration gradient on the anode surface through the Zn enrichment behavior and eventually inhibits the dendrite growth.

The Effects of , , a Lignocellulolytic Enzyme System, and Their Combination on the Fermentation Profiles, Chemical Composition, Bacterial Community, and In Situ Rumen Digestion of Fresh Waxy Corn Stalk Silage.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of , , and a lignocellulolytic enzyme system on the nutritional value, fermentation profiles, rumen digestion, and bacterial community of fresh waxy corn stalk silage. Fresh waxy corn stalks harvested after 90 days of growth were treated with no additives (CON), compound multiple lactobacilli (ML, comprising at 1.0 × 10 cfu/g fresh weight and at 1.

Recent advances of machine learning in the geographical origin traceability of food and agro-products: A review.

The geographical origin traceability of food and agro-products has been attracted worldwide. Especially with the rise of machine learning (ML) technology, it provides cutting-edge solutions to erstwhile intractable issues to identify the origin of food and agro-products. By utilizing advanced algorithms, ML can extract feature information of food and agro-products that is closely related to origin and, more accurately, identify and trace their origins, which is of great significance to the entire food and agriculture industry.

Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Amines via Electrochemical Reduction of Hydrazines.

We herein introduce an electrochemical route for the N-N bond cleavage of hydrazines. This mild and green methodology utilized readily available mono- and 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines or their HCl salts as starting materials to access a broad scope of primary and secondary amines in high yields. The mechanistic investigation suggests that the amine product is formed by consecutive SET reduction, and utilization of a hydrazine HCl salt is important for providing sufficient conductivity and acidity to facilitate this reaction.

The formation and performance tuning mechanism of starch-based hydrogels.

Starch-based hydrogels, characterized by their three-dimensional network structures, are increasingly explored for their biodegradability, low cost, and abundance of modifiable hydroxyl groups. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation and property modulation of these hydrogels has not been systematically described. Drawing from literature of the past decade, this review provides insights into designing multifunctional starch-based hydrogels through various gelation mechanism, crosslinking strategies, and second-network structure.

Research on corrosion performance of Q235B steel in industrial coastal atmospheric environment.

This study aims to obtain the effect of SO on the corrosion of Q235B low carbon steel in simulated coastal industrial atmospheres.The corrosion performance of the steel in the simulated atmospheres was studied using wet/dry cyclic corrosion test (CCT), electrochemical testing analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and COMSOL finite element simulation methods. As a result the influence of SO, the corrosion rate of Q235B steel increases rapidly in the initial stage of corrosion, and gradually decreases in the later stages, eventually stabilizing.

TaFAR9 and TaFAR10 synergistically regulate fertility conversion of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterility lines in wheat by modulating ROS homeostasis.

Photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (PTGMS), which exhibits varying fertility levels under different environmental conditions, is a crucial method for heterosis utilization in wheat. However, the mechanisms underlying fertility conversion remain unclear. In the study, three BS type PTGMS lines were analyzed to study fertility conversion characteristics.