Reductive prodrug and AIE copolymer nanoparticle for monitoring and chemotherapy.

Polymeric micelle systems for drug delivery, monitor and chemotherapy have gained significant attention, and reductive polymeric micelle systems have become particularly attractive due to their controlled release behavior without additional assistance. However, there are challenges in accurately controlling drug and probe release from the nanoparticles and determining the loading content of drug and probe. To address these issues, we have developed a reduction-responsive Pt(IV) prodrug-based polymeric delivery system that can be dynamically monitored using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIE) based bioprobes.

A red-light activatable and mitochondrion-targeting Pt complex to overcome drug resistance.

The therapeutic effects of platinum anticancer drugs are commonly whittled away by drug resistance, which is associated with drug efflux and the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Activation of drugs in a spatiotemporally controllable manner in the mitochondria of cancer cells is a very promising strategy to alleviate these problems. In this work, PtIV-PS2, a cisplatin-based Pt prodrug, was designed to release cisplatin inside the mitochondria on red light exposure.

Iodine Conjugated Pt(IV) Nanoparticles for Precise Chemotherapy with Iodine-Pt Guided Computed Tomography Imaging and Biotin-Mediated Tumor-Targeting.

Theranostics of platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy are able to self-track the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics while performing therapeutic effects. Pt-based CT imaging is expected to visualize and monitor the tumor throughout the entire tumor inhibition stage. However, a sufficient Pt concentration is necessary for CT imaging, which may bring about severe nephrotoxicity.

Genome-wide association studies for egg quality traits in White Leghorn layers using low-pass sequencing and SNP chip data.

Low-pass sequencing data have been proposed as an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of several species. However, it has not been used in layer chickens yet. This study aims at comparing the GWAS results of White Leghorn chickens using low-pass sequencing data (1×) and 54 k SNP chip data.

Single-Trait and Multiple-Trait Genomic Prediction From Multi-Class Bayesian Alphabet Models Using Biological Information.

Genomic prediction has been widely used in multiple areas and various genomic prediction methods have been developed. The majority of these methods, however, focus on statistical properties and ignore the abundant useful biological information like genome annotation or previously discovered causal variants. Therefore, to improve prediction performance, several methods have been developed to incorporate biological information into genomic prediction, mostly in single-trait analysis.

Dual-sensitive dual-prodrug nanoparticles with light-controlled endo/lysosomal escape for synergistic photoactivated chemotherapy.

The clinical application of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, represented by cisplatin, is limited by severe side effects. So, it is essential to explore more safer and controlled drug delivery systems for synergistic chemotherapy. In this work, we designed dual-sensitive dual-prodrug nanoparticles (DDNPs) for photoactivated platinum-based synergistic chemotherapy.

Combining PD-L1 inhibitors with immunogenic cell death triggered by chemo-photothermal therapy via a thermosensitive liposome system to stimulate tumor-specific immunological response.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in combination with immunogenic death (ICD) triggered by photothermal therapy (PTT) and oxaliplatin (OXA) treatment was expected to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses for tumor control and metastasis prevention. In this study, a photothermal agent (IR780), a folic acid (FA) linked oxaliplatin (OXA) prodrug, and PD-L1 inhibitors (BMS-1) were integrated into a liposomal system. The FA tumor-targeting and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the liposomal system prolonged circulating times and increased accumulation in tumors, resulting in an enhanced photothermal effect and less systemic toxicity.

Correction: Combining PD-L1 inhibitors with immunogenic cell death triggered by chemo-photothermal therapy via a thermosensitive liposome system to stimulate tumor-specific immunological response.

Correction for 'Combining PD-L1 inhibitors with immunogenic cell death triggered by chemo-photothermal therapy via a thermosensitive liposome system to stimulate tumor-specific immunological response' by Jie Yu et al., Nanoscale, 2021, DOI: .

Combination of starvation therapy and Pt-NP based chemotherapy for synergistic cancer treatment.

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) have been developed for enhanced toxicity against tumor cells. However, the therapeutic effect of Pt-NPs was severely limited by the lack of cellular uptake of Pt-NPs and an oxidative environment. The combination of starvation therapy with Pt-NP based chemotherapy in a well-designed nano-system is expected to eliminate tumors.

Tests of association based on genomic windows can lead to spurious associations when using genotype panels with heterogeneous SNP densities.

Dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels are widely used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In these panels, SNPs within a genomic segment tend to be highly correlated. Thus, association studies based on testing the significance of single SNPs are not very effective, and genomic-window based tests have been proposed to address this problem.

A Multiple-Trait Bayesian Variable Selection Regression Method for Integrating Phenotypic Causal Networks in Genome-Wide Association Studies.

Bayesian regression methods that incorporate different mixture priors for marker effects are used in multi-trait genomic prediction. These methods can also be extended to genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In multiple-trait GWAS, incorporating the underlying causal structures among traits is essential for comprehensively understanding the relationship between genotypes and traits of interest.

Pilot study: Application of artificial intelligence for detecting left atrial enlargement on canine thoracic radiographs.

Although deep learning has been explored extensively for computer-aided medical imaging diagnosis in human medicine, very little has been done in veterinary medicine. The goal of this retrospective, pilot project was to apply the deep learning artificial intelligence technique using thoracic radiographs for detection of canine left atrial enlargement and compare results with those of veterinary radiologist interpretations. Seven hundred ninety-two right lateral radiographs from canine patients with thoracic radiographs and contemporaneous echocardiograms were used to train, validate, and test a convolutional neural network algorithm.

Light-activatable dual prodrug polymer nanoparticle for precise synergistic chemotherapy guided by drug-mediated computed tomography imaging.

The synergistic efficacy and clinical application of light-responsive polymeric co-delivery systems are severely restricted by uncontrollable/imprecise drug loading, release, and adverse effects caused by the introduction of additional light-responsive molecules or contrast agents when diagnostic imaging is applied to guide therapy. Here, we report the design of a light-activatable dual prodrug polymer nanoparticle (DPP NP) for precise synergistic chemotherapy guided by drug-mediated computed tomography (DMCT) imaging without the introduction of any additional diagnostic imaging agent. DPP NP enables visible light-triggered prodrug polymer backbone cleavage and bioactive Pt(II) release in cancer cell/tumor site; the light-cleaved polymer fragments are further hydrolyzed to produce demethyl cantharidin (DMC).

Clinical significance of the expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-31 and miRNA-let7 in patients with lung cancer.

Objective: To explore the expression differences of miRNA-21, miRNA-31 and miRNA-let7 between lung cancer patient and healthy people, thereby providing reference for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Method: Real-time PCR was employed to determine the expression difference between lung cancer patients (50 cases) and healthy people (24 cases). The clinical data of lung cancer patients were analyzed to explore the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and expression level of miRNA-21, miRNA-31, miRNA-let7.

Light-Activatable Prodrug and AIEgen Copolymer Nanoparticle for Dual-Drug Monitoring and Combination Therapy.

Polyprodrug nanoparticles have been employed recently for safer and more effective cancer treatment. However, it remains a challenge to elucidate how and when the polyprodrug nanoparticles are dissociated and activated to release active drugs in cancer cells. Herein, a visible light-activatable Pt(IV) prodrug and an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) were copolymerized and embedded in the main chain of PtAIECP, and the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) was subsequently encapsulated in the nanoparticles self-assembled by PtAIECP (PtAIECP@DOX NP).

Quality control of goji (fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill.): A value chain analysis perspective.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Goji (fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill.

Composite PLA/PEG/nHA/Dexamethasone Scaffold Prepared by 3D Printing for Bone Regeneration.

3D printing has become an essential part of bone tissue engineering and attracts great attention for the fabrication of bioactive scaffolds. Combining this rapid manufacturing technique with chemical precipitation, biodegradable 3D scaffold composed of polymer matrix (polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol), ceramics (nano hydroxyapatite), and drugs (dexamethasone (Dex)) is prepared. Results of water contact angle, differential scanning calorimeter, and mechanical tests confirm that incorporation of Dex leads to significantly improved wettability, higher crystallinity degree, and tunable degradation rates.

Dual Drug Backboned Shattering Polymeric Theranostic Nanomedicine for Synergistic Eradication of Patient-Derived Lung Cancer.

Most of the current nanoparticle-based therapeutics worldwide failing in clinical trials face three major challenges: (i) lack of an optimum drug delivery platform with precise composition, (ii) lack of a method of directly monitoring the fate of a specific drug rather than using any other labelling molecules as a compromise, and (iii) lack of reliable cancer models with high fidelity for drug screen and evaluation. Here, starting from a PP2A inhibitor demethylcantharidin (DMC) and cisplatin, the design of a dual sensitive dual drug backboned shattering polymer (DDBSP) with exact composition at a fixed DMC/Pt ratio for precise nanomedicine is shown. DDBSP self-assembled nanoparticle (DD-NP) can be triggered intracellularly to break down in a chain-shattering manner to release the dual drugs payload.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with lactose-mediated targeting effect to deliver platinum(iv) prodrug for liver cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic strategy for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the therapeutic efficacy is limited by the low delivery efficiency of chemotherapeutics and severe toxicity towards healthy tissues. To address these challenges, active-targeting mesoporous silica nanoparticles conjugating a platinum(iv) prodrug were developed as a therapy for liver cancer for the first time.

Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin by Blocking DNA Damage Repair.

Self-repair of nuclear DNA damage is the most known reason that leads to drug resistance of cancer tissue and limited therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) would block DNA damage-induced defense of cancer cells to suppress DNA repair for enhanced cancer treatment. Here, we combined a PP2A inhibitor LB (4-(3-carboxy-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.