Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Arabian Gulf Region Over a 12-Year Period (2010-2021).

Objectives: To evaluate literature from a 12-year period (2010-2021) on the antimicrobial resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Arabian Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates).

Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted for articles on antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa and associated phenotypes, covering the period of 1st January 2010 to 1st December 2021.

Exploring determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Background: Few theoretically-based, qualitative studies have explored determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour in hospitals. Understanding these can promote successful development and implementation of behaviour change interventions (BCIs).

Objective: (s): To use the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore determinants of clinicians' antimicrobial prescribing behaviour, identifying barriers (i.

Rabies Virus Populations in Humans and Mice Show Minor Inter-Host Variability within Various Central Nervous System Regions and Peripheral Tissues.

Rabies virus (RABV) has a broad host range and infects multiple cell types throughout the infection cycle. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and minor variant analysis are powerful tools for studying virus populations within specific hosts and tissues, leading to novel insights into the mechanisms of host-switching and key factors for infecting specific cell types. In this study we investigated RABV populations and minor variants in both original (non-passaged) samples and in vitro-passaged isolates of various CNS regions (hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord) of a fatal human rabies case, and of multiple CNS and non-CNS tissues of experimentally infected mice.

Prevalence and microbiological and genetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant over three years in Qatar.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global priority with significant clinical and economic consequences. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) is one of the major pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In healthcare settings, the evaluation of prevalence, microbiological characteristics, as well as mechanisms of resistance is of paramount importance to overcome associated challenges.

A 5-year retrospective study of bacteremia in the state of Qatar, case series.

Introduction And Importance: Manifestations of infection by include thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and central nervous system disease. In the four decades following its isolation, more than 20 cases of invasive infections were reported in multiple geographic locations including the United States and Europe. As such, is an emerging bacterium and related research is encouraged for further characterization of its prevalence and clinical significance.

bacteraemia associated with cervical and mediastinal abscesses in an immunocompetent patient: First reported case in Qatar.

The bacteria are associated with cervicothoracic disease in immunocompromised patients; however, cervical infection with extensive spread to the mediastinum in a previously healthy patient was not reported before in Qatar. The patient underwent drainage of collections in synchrony with intravenous antibiotics and recovered with an excellent outcome.

Investigating clinicians' determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Aim: To identify and quantify potential determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving doctors (∼4000) and pharmacists (∼400) working within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar. An online questionnaire, developed with reference to the TDF, included: personal and practice demographics, and Likert statements on potential determinants of antimicrobial prescribing practice.

Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on antimicrobial utilization and the prevalence of MDR in an acute care hospital in Qatar.

Background: The excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is universal across all healthcare facilities. In Qatar there has been a substantial increase in antimicrobial consumption coupled with a significant rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) have become a standard intervention for effective optimization of antimicrobial prescribing.

Antemortem diagnosis of human rabies: A case report.

Antemortem diagnosis of rabies is challenging, and usually, more than one test modality is needed to confirm the diagnosis. No effective treatment exists so far, and the Milwaukee Protocol is debatable.

A Case of Fulminant Liver Failure in a 24-Year-Old Man with Coinfection with Hepatitis B Virus and SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging disease that is still not fully characterized. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that can be transmitted easily from human to human mainly by the respiratory route. Currently, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 or a vaccine for prevention.

First molecular analysis of rabies virus in Qatar and clinical cases imported into Qatar, a case report.

Identifying the origin of the rabies virus (RABV) infection may have significant implications for control measures. Here, we identified the source of a RABV infection of two Nepalese migrants in Qatar by comparing their RABV genomes with RABV genomes isolated from the brains of a RABV infected camel and fox from Qatar.

The use of theory in the development and evaluation of behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing: a systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review (SR) reviews the evidence on use of theory in developing and evaluating behaviour change interventions (BCIs) to improve clinicians' antimicrobial prescribing (AP).

Methods: The SR protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Eleven databases were searched from inception to October 2018 for peer-reviewed, English-language, primary literature in any healthcare setting and for any medical condition.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis: an experience from Qatar.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics, treatment outcome and risk factors associated with 223 drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) cases in the State of Qatar. A descriptive records-based retrospective study was conducted on patients registered at Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Qatar to all consecutive microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis cases for the period January 2010 - March 2015. Demographic, clinical data, drug-resistance pattern of isolated mycobacteria and treatment outcome was assessed for the patient who completed their treatment in Qatar.

Typhoid fever: misuse of Widal test in Libya.

The worldwide gold standard of diagnosing of enteric fever depends on the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from a patient's bone marrow and/or blood culture. In Libya clinicians are heavily dependent on the Widal test for diagnosis of enteric fever which has been used without determining the locally appropriate threshold titer, because the laboratories lack the skilled, experienced personnel and appropriate facilities to detect and serotype Salmonella isolates. To improve the diagnosis process, clinical management and reliability of public health measures, there is an urgent need for the effective training of laboratory technicians and to provide resources to culture Salmonella species according to published guidelines.

Hepatitis B vaccination status among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Tripoli, Libya.

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in hospitals in developing countries is high. However, the vaccination status of these workers and its relationship with occupational factors are not well documented.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of HCWs to HBV infection in the representative Tripoli Central Hospital in Libya and prepare a practical guideline to protect HCWs from occupational exposure.

Consultation on the Libyan health systems: towards patient-centred services.

The extra demand imposed upon the Libyan health services during and after the Libyan revolution in 2011 led the ailing health systems to collapse. To start the planning process to re-engineer the health sector, the Libyan Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international experts in the field sponsored the National Health Systems Conference in Tripoli, Libya, between the 26th and the 30th of August 2012. The aim of this conference was to study how health systems function at the international arena and to facilitate a consultative process between 500 Libyan health experts in order to identify the problems within the Libyan health system and propose potential solutions.

The role of the renin angiotensin system blocking in the management of atrial fibrillation.

Objective: The objective of the study was to review the current available clinical evidence for the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Method: We conducted a Pubmed and Medline literature search (January 1980 through May 2007) to identify all clinical trials published in English involving the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for preventing the occurrence or recurrence of AF. Discussing pathophysiology and experimental evidence in detail is beyond the scope of this article.

Overuse and inappropriate prescribing of proton pump inhibitors in patients with Clostridium difficile-associated disease.

Background: Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious cause of colitis and has been increasingly diagnosed in hospitalized patients. The number of prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has also increased significantly over time. Few studies have reported an association between C.

Daptomycin and tigecycline: a review of clinical efficacy in the antimicrobial era.

There is a clinical need for new treatment options as a result of continued increase in the expression of resistance among bacterial pathogens. A number of compounds currently in development show promise. However, in some cases, there is concern that resistance may develop quickly to new compounds that are based on existing antimicrobial agents.

Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in Scottish hospitals utilising the Glasgow Antimicrobial Audit Tool (GAAT).

A point prevalence survey of antimicrobial prescribing was performed in 10 Scottish hospitals using the Glasgow Antimicrobial Audit Tool (GAAT). Appropriateness of the intravenous (IV) route was determined by an infectious diseases physician (IDP) and by a computerised algorithm. The IDP also estimated IV agent appropriateness.

A survey of the management of neutropenic fever in oncology units in the UK.

A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was performed to define the different practices in managing febrile neutropenia in oncology units and the use of antimicrobial chemotherapy prophylaxis. A 69.7% response rate was obtained from a total of 165 units.

Knowledge about sepsis among training-grade doctors.

Background: Prescribing of antibiotics, often in the empirical setting, frequently falls on training-grade or junior doctors, who are often the least experienced in this. Indeed, improving the knowledge base of training-grade doctors or senior medical students through education has been identified as one of the key measures to improve antibiotic prescribing behaviour.

Methodology: We undertook two descriptive questionnaire- and interview-based surveys (1999 and 2003) of prescribing training-grade doctors in a teaching hospital in north-east Scotland to determine their knowledge level regarding various sepsis definitions, sources of local information used when prescribing an antimicrobial, and awareness of the cost difference between intravenous and oral antibiotics.