Association between pyrrolizidine alkaloids exposure and risk of abnormal serum indices-Insights from a descriptive cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province.

The hazard of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) has been widely reported in animal studies but rarely in population-based research, especially reports about daily exposure. A single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 552 Lahu Autonomous County residents recruited in 2021. Blood PAs exposure biomarker (pyrrole- protein adduct, PPA) and serum biochemical indices were measured.

Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 () is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis.

Background: Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 () is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is highly expressed in the testis. Previous experiments have reported that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown (KD) of in rat testis disrupted spermatid polarity and transport. Of note, a gene knockout (KO) model is considered the "gold standard" for in vivo assessment of crucial gene functions.

Structural elucidation of a 3-O-methyl-D-galactose-containing neutral polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus igniarius.

PIP60-1, a novel heteropolysaccharide isolated from fruiting bodies of the medicinal fungus, Phellinus igniarius, has a molecular weight of 1.71 x 10(4)Da and is composed of L-fucose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose and 3-O-Me-D-galactose in a ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. A structural investigation of PIP60-1 carried out using sugar and methylation analyses, combined with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments, established the repeating unit of the polysaccharide as the following: [structure: see text]