Metabolic activation and hepatic cytotoxicity of osthole mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Osthole (OST), a coumarin derivative, is one of the major components of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cussion. OST was reported to induce apoptosis in hepatocytes.

Correlation of Vanillin-Induced Cytotoxicity with CYP3A-Mediated Metabolic Activation.

Vanillin (VAN) is a common flavoring agent that can cause liver damage when ingested in large amounts. Nevertheless, the precise processes responsible for its toxicity remain obscure. The present research aimed to examine the metabolic activation of VAN and establish a potential correlation between its reactive metabolites and its cytotoxicity.

Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-mediated modulation of skin damage caused by microcystin-LR in tadpoles.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)-derived polysaccharides on microcystin leucine-arginine (MC-LR)-induced skin damage in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles. Tadpoles were exposed to 1 μg/L daily MC-LR, with or without 5.0 g/kg of dietary P.

Reduction of emodin-8-O-ß-D-glucoside content participates in processing-based detoxification of polygoni multiflori radix.

Background: The occurrence of severe liver injury by the herbal medicine Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has drawn significant attention. The fact that processing attenuates PMR-induced hepatotoxicity has been well accepted, but the mechanisms are still ambiguous.

Purpose: This study aimed to illuminate the mechanism of processing-based attenuation of PMR hepatotoxicity.

Metabolic Activation of Perampanel Mediated by CYP1A2.

Perampanel (PRP), a noncompetitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist with high selectivity, has been used as a new adjuvant for the treatment of fractional seizures with or without primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and secondary generalized seizures in epilepsy patients over the age of 12. Adverse events such as liver injury have been reported during the clinical application of PRP. The purpose of the study is to explore the and metabolic activation of PRP.

Cysteine-Based Protein Covalent Binding and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Emodin.

Emodin (EMD) is a major ingredient of Thunb. (PMT), which has shown adverse liver reactions. Despite multiple pharmacological activities, EMD is reported to show various toxicities.

Metabolic activation of deferiprone mediated by CYP2A6.

Deferiprone (DFP) is a metal chelating agent generally used to treat patients with thalassaemia, due to iron overload in clinical settings.Studies have revealed that long-term use of DFP can induce hepatotoxicity, however, mechanisms of its toxic action remain unclear. The present studies are aimed to characterize the reactive metabolite of DFP, to define the metabolic pathway, and to determine the P450 enzymes participating in the bioactivation.