IL-1β-Stimulated Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Mitigate Sepsis through Modulation of HMGB1/AKT Pathway and M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by infection, and developing novel strategies against sepsis is still required. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising therapeutic potential for various diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the action and mechanism of exosomes derived from IL-1β-pre-conditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) in sepsis.