Estimating vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza among children and adolescents in Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, 2012-2016.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) has to be estimated anew for every season to explore vaccines' protective effect in the population. We report VE estimates against laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B among children aged 2-17 years, using test-negative design. Pooled data from two German federal states' surveillance systems for acute respiratory illness from week 40/2012 to 20/2016 was used, yielding a total of 10 627 specimens.

Sporadic salmonellosis in Lower Saxony, Germany, 2011-2013: raw ground pork consumption is associated with Salmonella Typhimurium infections and foreign travel with Salmonella Enteritidis infections.

To investigate risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis, for each notified case four randomly selected population controls matched for age, sex and geographical region were interviewed via self-administered questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analysis of 285 matched pairs revealed significant associations for raw ground pork consumption [odds ratio (OR) 6·0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·8-20·1], taking antacids (OR 5·8, 95% CI 1·4-24·5), eating meat outside the home (OR 5·7, 95% CI 2·2-14·6) and daily changing or cleaning of dishcloth (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·2-3·9). Animal contact and ice cream consumption were negatively associated with salmonellosis (OR 0·5, 95% CI 0·2-1 and OR 0·3, 95% CI 0·1-0·6, respectively).

Risk factors associated with sporadic salmonellosis in children: a case-control study in Lower Saxony, Germany, 2008-2011.

We conducted a case-control study based on 884 laboratory-confirmed sporadic Salmonella cases reported to the German infectious disease notification system. For controls, we recruited 510 rotavirus cases via the same system. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed separately for children aged 0-3 years and 4-14 years.

Associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.

A collection of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates obtained from sporadic salmonellosis cases in humans from Lower Saxony, Germany between June 2008 and May 2010 was used to perform an exploratory risk-factor analysis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using comprehensive host information on sociodemographic attributes, medical history, food habits and animal contact. Multivariate resistance profiles of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 13 antimicrobial agents were analysed using a non-parametric approach with multifactorial models adjusted for phage types. Statistically significant associations were observed for consumption of antimicrobial agents, region type and three factors on egg-purchasing behaviour, indicating that besides antimicrobial use the proximity to other community members, health consciousness and other lifestyle-related attributes may play a role in the dissemination of resistances.

Subtype specific risk factor analyses for sporadic human salmonellosis: a case-case comparison in Lower Saxony, Germany.

With the intention to deepen the knowledge of the vertical transmission of particular subtypes of Salmonella enterica from "the stable to the table" a case1-case2 analysis in Lower Saxony, Germany, was conducted. The data collection was based on standardised telephone interviews with 1741 Salmonella case persons. Single-factor-analyses revealed statistically significant associations between S.

Risk factors associated with sporadic salmonellosis in adults: a case-control study.

In order to identify and assess recent risk factors for sporadic human infections with Salmonella enterica, we conducted a case-control study in Lower Saxony, Germany. The data collection was based on standardized telephone interviews with 1017 cases and 346 controls aged >14 years. Odds ratios were calculated in single-factor and multi-factor analyses for Salmonella cases and two different control groups, i.

A quantitative approach to analyse linkages between antimicrobial resistance properties in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.

This study used statistical methods to investigate linkages in phenotypic resistance profiles in a population sample of 321 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from sporadic salmonellosis cases in Lower Saxony, Germany, collected during 2008-2010. A resistance index was applied to calculate the conditional probability of resistance to one antimicrobial agent given the resistance to one or more other antimicrobial agent(s). A susceptibility index was defined analogously.

Biphasic alteration of glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation to the adipocyte-like phenotype.

Glucose transport activity and subcellular distribution of glucose transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were studied in non-confluent (NCF), confluent (CF), and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells (A). During growth of the fibroblasts to confluence, basal transport activity decreased to 20% of that in non-confluent cells. Corresponding with the reduction in transport activity, the abundance of GLUT1 in plasma membranes as normalized per cell decreased by 75% during growth of the cells to confluence.

The signaling potential of the receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: comparison of glucose transport activity, induction of oncogene c-fos, glucose transporter mRNA, and DNA-synthesis.

The receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) have in common a high sequence homology and diverse overlapping functions, (e.g., the stimulation of acute metabolic events and the induction of cell growth.

Effect of pregnancy on liver tumor associated with oral contraceptives.

Four cases of liver adenoma associated with oral contraceptives complicating pregnancy are reported. All patients were symptomatic during pregnancy and 2 were admitted with rupture of the adenoma. One subsequently died.