Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose Among Those with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prediabetes, a state between normoglycemia and diabetes, is increasingly affecting population health; thus, it should not be overlooked. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of aerobic exercise on blood glucose indicators among those with prediabetes. Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched up to September 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose levels among individuals with prediabetes.

Effects of nurse-led cognitive-motor dual-task training based on mobile health technology on the older adults with cognitive frailty: A quasi-experimental study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effect of nurse-led cognitive-motor dual-task training based on mobile health technology in people with cognitive frailty and investigate its potential for transforming practice in this population.

Methods: From September 2021 to May 2022, a total of 74 older adults with cognitive frailty were screened at a Cognitive Memory Clinic of a tertiary hospital in Beijing. The control and intervention groups received health education related to cognitive frailty; additionally the intervention group received cognitive-motor dual-task training based on mobile health technology at home for 12 weeks, three times a week.

Artificial light at night and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been increasingly recognized as a potential environmental risk factor for mental health issues. However, no meta-analyses have been conducted to summarize the findings. This study aimed to evaluate the pooled associations between outdoor and indoor ALAN exposures and the risk of depression.

Impact of human and artificial intelligence collaboration on workload reduction in medical image interpretation.

Clinicians face increasing workloads in medical imaging interpretation, and artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential relief. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of human-AI collaboration on image interpretation workload. Four databases were searched for studies comparing reading time or quantity for image-based disease detection before and after AI integration.

Cerium oxide-modified Pd nanosheets encapsulated by red blood cell membranes for high-efficiency RONS scavenging in depression treatment.

Depression, a common and high-morbidity mental illness, can cause severe physical and psychiatric disorder. Recently, elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) have been recognized as a potential pathogenesis of depression. Unfortunately, available therapies provide limited outcomes in treating RONS-related depression symptoms.

Exploring the Causal Association between Morning Diurnal Preference and Psychiatric Disorders: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: The causal connection between morning diurnal preference and psychiatric disorders remains enigmatic. Using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we aim to explore the potential causal associations between morning diurnal preference and seven prominent psychiatric disorders.

Methods: MR is a genetic epidemiological method that leverages genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal associations between exposures and outcomes.

The Distribution of Cervical Transformation Zone and Its Impact on Colposcopic Diagnosis: A Multicenter Study in China.

Objective: The value of the transformation zone (TZ) is often overlooked in clinical settings. This study aims to assess TZ distribution, associated factors, and its impact on colposcopic diagnosis.

Methods: χ 2 tests were used to analyze demographics, clinical history, and tissue samples to examine the differences in TZ distribution.

Exploration of uricase-like activity in Pd@Ir nanosheets and their application in relieving acute gout using self-cascade reaction.

Gout, marked by the deposition of sodium urate crystals in joints and peripheral tissues, presents a considerable health challenge. Recent research has shown a growing interest in nanozyme-based treatments for gout. However, literature on nanozymes that combine uricase-like (UOX) activity for uric acid (UA) degradation with catalase (CAT)-like activity for HO elimination through a self-cascade reaction is limited.

Synthesis and crystallization of a carboxylate functionalized -heterocyclic carbene-based Au cluster with strong photo-luminescence.

Here we report the synthesis and crystallization of a -COOH-capped -heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-protected Au cluster. The single-crystal structure of the -COOH-capped NHC-Au cluster reveals a classic icosahedral core with one Au atom in its center. The icosahedral core is surrounded by five NHC ligands with pseudo C5 symmetry and exposed carboxyls in a pentagonal antiprism fashion.

Chinese colposcopists' attitudes toward the colposcopic artificial intelligence auxiliary diagnostic system (CAIADS): A nation-wide, multi-center survey.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes toward the Colposcopic Artificial Intelligence Auxiliary Diagnostic System (CAIADS) of colposcopists working in mainland China.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect participants' sociodemographic information and assess their awareness, attitudes, and acceptance toward the CAIADS.

Results: There were 284 respondents from 24 provinces across mainland China, with 55% working in primary care institutions.

An assessment of ChatGPT's responses to frequently asked questions about cervical and breast cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) and breast cancer (BC) threaten women's well-being, influenced by health-related stigma and a lack of reliable information, which can cause late diagnosis and early death. ChatGPT is likely to become a key source of health information, although quality concerns could also influence health-seeking behaviours.

Methods: This cross-sectional online survey compared ChatGPT's responses to five physicians specializing in mammography and five specializing in gynaecology.

Distribution and diagnostic value of single and multiple high-risk HPV infections in detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective multicenter study in China.

The risk associated with single and multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the distribution and diagnostic significance of the number of high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infections in detecting CIN, addressing a crucial gap in our understanding. This comprehensive multicenter, retrospective study meticulously analyzed the distribution of single and multiple hr-HPV, the risk of CIN2+, the relationship with CIN, and the impact on the diagnostic performance of colposcopy using demographic information, clinical histories, and tissue samples.

Novel Coumarins Derivatives for A. baumannii Lung Infection Developed by High-Throughput Screening and Reinforcement Learning.

With the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) to antibiotics, researchers have turned their attention to the development of new antimicrobial agents. Among them, coumarin-based heterocycles have attracted much attention due to their unique biological activities, especially in the field of antibacterial infection.

Genotype, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and type-specific cervical intraepithelial neoplasia distributions in hrHPV+ cases referred to colposcopy: A multicenter study of Chinese mainland women.

To investigate age and type-specific prevalences of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in hrHPV+ women referred to colposcopy. This is a retrospective, multicenter study. Participants were women referred to one of seven colposcopy clinics in China after testing positive for hrHPV.

The Causal Relationship between the Morning Chronotype and the Gut Microbiota: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal effect of the morning chronotype on the gut microbiota is unknown.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed, using the summary statistics of the morning chronotype from the European Consortium and those of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium.

A continuously efficient O-supplying strategy for long-term modulation of hypoxic tumor microenvironment to enhance long-acting radionuclides internal therapy.

Radionuclides internal radiotherapy (RIT) is a clinically powerful method for cancer treatment, but still poses unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes due to the hypoxic characteristic of tumor microenvironment (TME). Catalase (CAT) or CAT-like nanomaterials can be used to enzymatically decompose TME endogenous HO to boost TME oxygenation and thus alleviate the hypoxic level within tumors, but their effectiveness is still hindered by the short-lasting of hypoxia relief owing to their poor stability or degradability, thereby failing to match the long therapeutic duration of RIT. Herein, we proposed an innovative strategy of using facet-dependent CAT-like Pd-based two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatforms to continuously enhance RIT.

Machine Learning Models for Blood Glucose Level Prediction in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Machine learning (ML) models provide more choices to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) to more properly manage blood glucose (BG) levels. However, because of numerous types of ML algorithms, choosing an appropriate model is vitally important.

Objective: In a systematic review and network meta-analysis, this study aimed to comprehensively assess the performance of ML models in predicting BG levels.

Profibrogenic macrophage-targeted delivery of mitochondrial protector via exosome formula for alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options. During this pathological process, the profibrogenic macrophage subpopulation plays a crucial role, making the characterization of this subpopulation fundamentally important. The present study revealed a positive correlation between pulmonary macrophages with higher mitochondrial mass (Mø) and fibrosis.

Enhancing colposcopy training using a widely accessible digital education tool in China.

Background: Colposcopy is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention; however, there is a global shortage of colposcopists. It is challenging to train a sufficient number of colposcopists through in-person methods, which hinders our ability to adequately diagnose and manage positive cases. A digital platform is needed to make colposcopy training more efficient, scalable, and sustainable; however, current online training programs are generally based on didactic curricula that do not incorporate image analysis training.

Correction: Unassisted Clinicians Versus Deep Learning-Assisted Clinicians in Image-Based Cancer Diagnostics: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/43832.].

Unassisted Clinicians Versus Deep Learning-Assisted Clinicians in Image-Based Cancer Diagnostics: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Background: A number of publications have demonstrated that deep learning (DL) algorithms matched or outperformed clinicians in image-based cancer diagnostics, but these algorithms are frequently considered as opponents rather than partners. Despite the clinicians-in-the-loop DL approach having great potential, no study has systematically quantified the diagnostic accuracy of clinicians with and without the assistance of DL in image-based cancer identification.

Objective: We systematically quantified the diagnostic accuracy of clinicians with and without the assistance of DL in image-based cancer identification.

Leonurine promotes the maturation of healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients derived-dendritic cells the regulation on arachidonic acid metabolism.

Leonurine is a bioactive alkaloid compound extracted from Leonurus japonicus Houtt, which potentially has immunomodulatory effects. The immunomodulatory effect and mechanism of leonurine on monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from healthy donors (HDs) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients were investigated for the first time. Peripheral blood from HDs and MM patients was isolated for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Pomalidomide enhances the maturation of dendritic cells derived from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients.

To explore the effect of pomalidomide on the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from healthy donors (HDs) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients. MoDCs were generated by the incubation of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 7 days in a medium consisting of 800 U/ml granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 500 U/ml interleukin-4 (IL-4), RPMI 1,640 medium, 5% human serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin.