Bacterial phylotypes associated with rock-dwelling Lichens from Arctic/Subarctic areas in North America and Northern Europe.

Unlabelled: The diversity of bacteria associated with lichens has received increasing attention. However, studies based on next-generation sequencing of microbiomes have not yet been conducted in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. In this study, rock-dwelling lichens belonging to the Umbilicariaceae family were sampled from the Arctic and Subarctic biological zones.

Divergent Visuomotor Strategies in Teleosts: Neural Circuit Mechanisms in Zebrafish and .

Unlabelled: Many animals respond to sensory cues with species-specific coordinated movements to successfully navigate their environment. However, the neural mechanisms that support diverse sensorimotor transformations across species with distinct navigational strategies remain largely unexplored. By comparing related teleost species, zebrafish ( ) and ( ), we investigated behavioral patterns and neural architectures during the visually guided optomotor response (OMR).

Discovering Intrinsic Subgoals for Vision-and-Language Navigation via Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning.

Vision-and-language navigation requires an agent to navigate in a photo-realistic environment by following natural language instructions. Mainstream methods employ imitation learning (IL) to let the agent imitate the behavior of the teacher. The trained model will overfit the teacher's biased behavior, resulting in poor model generalization.

Microbiomic Analysis of Bacteria Associated with Rock Tripe Lichens from Alpine Areas in Eastern Alps and Equatorial Africa.

The diversity of bacteria associated with alpine lichens was profiled. Lichen samples belonging to the Umbilicariaceae family, commonly known as rock tripe lichens, were gathered from two distinct alpine fellfields: one situated on Mt. Brennkogel located in the Eastern European Alps (Austria), and the other on Mt.

Bacteriomic Profiles of Rock-Dwelling Lichens from the Venezuelan Guiana Shield and the South African Highveld Plateau.

Lichens are not only fungal-algal symbiotic associations but also matrices for association with bacteria, and the bacterial diversity linked to lichens has been receiving more attention in studies. This study compares the diversity and possible metabolism of lichen-associated bacteria from saxicolous foliose and fruticose taxa , , , , , and from the Venezuelan Guiana Shield and the South African Highveld Plateau. We used DNA extractions from the lichen thalli to amplify the eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) and the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA, of which amplicons were then Sanger- and MiSeq-sequenced, respectively.

Midbrain neurons important for the production of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations are not required for distress calls.

A fundamental feature of vocal communication is that animals produce vocalizations with different acoustic features in different behavioral contexts (contact calls, territorial calls, courtship calls, etc.). The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key region that regulates vocal production, and artificial activation of the PAG can elicit the production of multiple species-typical vocalization types.

Chromosomal instability and its effect on cell lines.

Background: Cancer cell lines are invaluable model systems for biomedical research because they provide an almost unlimited supply of biological materials. However, there is considerable skepticism regarding the reproducibility of data derived from these in vitro models.

Recent Findings: Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the primary issues associated with cell lines, which can cause genetic heterogeneity and unstable cell properties within a cell population.

A Local-and-Global Attention Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Multiagent Cooperative Navigation.

The cooperative navigation algorithm is the crucial technology for multirobot systems to accomplish autonomous collaborative operations, and it is still a challenge for researchers. In this work, we propose a new multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm called multiagent local-and-global attention actor-critic (MLGA2C) for multiagent cooperative navigation. Inspired by the attention mechanism, we design the local-and-global attention module to dynamically extract and encode critical environmental features.

Chronicle of Research into Lichen-Associated Bacteria.

Lichens are mutually symbiotic systems consisting of fungal and algal symbionts. While diverse lichen-forming fungal species are known, limited species of algae form lichens. Plasticity in the combination of fungal and algal species with different eco-physiological properties may contribute to the worldwide distribution of lichens, even in extreme habitats.

Microbiomic Analysis of Bacteria Associated with Rock Tripe Lichens in Continental and Maritime Antarctic Regions.

Increased research attention is being given to bacterial diversity associated with lichens. Rock tripe lichens () were collected from two distinct Antarctic biological regions, the continental region near the Japanese Antarctic station (Syowa Station) and the maritime Antarctic South Orkney Islands (Signy Island), in order to compare their bacterial floras and potential metabolism. Bulk DNA extracted from the lichen samples was used to amplify the 18S rRNA gene and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, whose amplicons were Sanger- and MiSeq-sequenced, respectively.

Multiagent Soft Actor-Critic Based Hybrid Motion Planner for Mobile Robots.

In this article, a novel hybrid multirobot motion planner that can be applied under no explicit communication and local observable conditions is presented. The planner is model-free and can realize the end-to-end mapping of multirobot state and observation information to final smooth and continuous trajectories. The planner is a front-end and back-end separated architecture.

Sex- and context-dependent effects of acute isolation on vocal and non-vocal social behaviors in mice.

Humans are extraordinarily social, and social isolation has profound effects on our behavior, ranging from increased social motivation following short periods of social isolation to increased anti-social behaviors following long-term social isolation. Mice are frequently used as a model to understand how social isolation impacts the brain and behavior. While the effects of chronic social isolation on mouse social behavior have been well studied, much less is known about how acute isolation impacts mouse social behavior and whether these effects vary according to the sex of the mouse and the behavioral context of the social encounter.

Compressed single-shot hyperspectral imaging for combustion diagnostics.

This paper demonstrates a compressed sensing-based single-shot hyperspectral imaging system for combustion diagnostics. The hyperspectral system can capture well-resolved spectra in a 2D plane through a single shot, i.e.

Enabling the self-contained refrigerator to work beyond its limits by filtering the reservoirs.

In this paper, we study the quantum self-contained refrigerator [Linden et al., Phys. Rev.