Autophagic LC3 calcified extracellular vesicles initiate cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis.

Pathological cartilage calcification plays an important role in osteoarthritis progression but in which the origin of calcified extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their effects remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that pathological cartilage calcification occurs in the early stage of the osteoarthritis in which the calcified EVs are closely involved. Autophagosomes carrying the minerals are released in EVs, and calcification is induced by those autophagy-regulated calcified EVs.

Aerobic Cu-catalyzed oxidative 1 : 2 coupling of benzynes with terminal alkynes.

Cu-Catalyzed oxidative 1 : 2 couplings of arynes with nucleophilic terminal alkynes under aerobic conditions are described herein. A mechanistic investigation revealed a plausible involvement of an aryl-Cu(iii)-generating pathway. By this method, ubiquitous arenediynes can be efficiently assembled in a single step under mild conditions.

Knockdown of TNF‑α alleviates acute lung injury in rats with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury by upregulating IL‑10 expression.

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (II/R) injury often triggers severe injury in remote organs, with the lungs being considered the main target. Excessive elevation of proinflammatory cytokines is a major contributor in the occurrence and development of II/R‑induced acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether blocking tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) expression could protect the lungs from injury following II/R, and to explore the possible underlying mechanism involving interleukin‑10 (IL‑10).

A Familial Cluster of Human Brucellosis Attributable to Contact with Imported Infected Goats in Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China, 2013.

Brucellosis remains a serious public health issue in developing countries, including China. On August 8, 2013, four cases of brucellosis from one extended family were reported at Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. Active case finding was performed to identify the source and the risk factors of the infection and to prevent additional cases.