Exploring genetic loci linked to COVID-19 severity and immune response through multi-trait GWAS analyses.

Introduction: COVID-19 severity has been linked to immune factors, with excessive immune responses like cytokine storms contributing to mortality. However, the genetic basis of these immune responses is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the genetic connection between COVID-19 severity and blood cell traits, given their close relationship with immunity.

Whole Transcriptome-wide Analysis Combined With Summary Data-Based Mendelian Randomization Identifies High-Risk Genes for Cholelithiasis Incidence.

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is influenced by various factors, including genetic elements identified in genomewide association studies, but their biological functions are not fully understood.

Methods: Analyzing data from the Finngen database with 37,041 cholelithiasis cases and 330,903 controls, this study combined SNP data from GTEx v8 and linkage disequilibriums data from the 1000 Genomes Project. Using the Transcriptomewide Association Studies FUSION protocol and summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis, it investigated the relationship between gene expression and cholelithiasis, using colocalization tests and conditional analyses to explore causality.

Astragalus polysaccharide reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis under a high-fat diet through enriching L. reuteri and propionate.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe digestive disorder, worsened by a high-fat diet (HFD) through inflammation and gut microbiota disruption. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), known for their anti-inflammatory properties, may alleviate HFD-induced exacerbation of AP by modulating gut microbiota. This study investigates the effect of APS on AP severity under a HFD (HAP).

Burden of thyroid cancer in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021: observation, comparison, and forecast from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in China. Current research primarily focuses on clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as underlying mechanisms, lacking epidemiological studies on the burden of the disease in China and worldwide.

Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was utilized to assess the incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years of TC in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using the Joinpoint and R software.

Lipopolysaccharide in Bile Promotes the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Induced Gallstone Formation by Activating the Gallbladder Immune Barrier.

Background: Cholelithiasis areis a common digestive system disorder, with cholesterol gallstones being the most prevalent type. Gallstones lead to many severe complications, posing a significant burden on global healthcare systems. Many studies have shown associations between biliary microbiota, gallbladder immune microenvironment, and gallstone formation.

Gene Regulation of Neutrophils Mediated Liver and Lung Injury through NETosis in Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies, often resulting in self-digestion, edema, hemorrhage, and even necrosis of pancreatic tissue. When AP progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), it often causes multi-organ damage, leading to a high mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-mediated organ damage remain unclear.

An antiferromagnetic spin phase change memory.

The electrical outputs of single-layer antiferromagnetic memory devices relying on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect are typically rather small at room temperature. Here we report a new type of antiferromagnetic memory based on the spin phase change in a Mn-Ir binary intermetallic thin film at a composition within the phase boundary between its collinear and noncollinear phases. Via a small piezoelectric strain, the spin structure of this composition-boundary metal is reversibly interconverted, leading to a large nonvolatile room-temperature resistance modulation that is two orders of magnitude greater than the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect for a metal, mimicking the well-established phase change memory from a quantum spin degree of freedom.

Global Trends in mHealth and Medical Education Research: Bibliometrics and Knowledge Graph Analysis.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) is an emerging mobile communication and networking technology for health care systems. The integration of mHealth in medical education is growing extremely rapidly, bringing new changes to the field. However, no study has analyzed the publication and research trends occurring in both mHealth and medical education.

Emerging Antiferromagnets for Spintronics.

Antiferromagnets constitute promising contender materials for next-generation spintronic devices with superior stability, scalability, and dynamics. Nevertheless, the perception of well-established ferromagnetic spintronics underpinned by spontaneous magnetization seemed to indicate the inadequacy of antiferromagnets for spintronics-their compensated magnetization has been perceived to result in uncontrollable antiferromagnetic order and subtle magnetoelectronic responses. However, remarkable advancements have been achieved in antiferromagnetic spintronics in recent years, with consecutive unanticipated discoveries substantiating the feasibility of antiferromagnet-centered spintronic devices.

Magnetic-Field Response and Giant Electric-Field Modulation of CuS.

CuS likely plays an important role in the sharp resistivity transition of LK-99. Nevertheless, this immediately arouses an intriguing question of whether the extraordinary room-temperature colossal magnetoresistance in the initial reports, which has been less focused, originates from CuS as well. To resolve this issue, we have systematically investigated the electrical transport and magnetotransport properties of near-stoichiometric CuS pellets and thin films.

Fucosyltransferases Regulated by Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Act as Novel Biomarkers in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Fucosyltransferases (FUTs) are associated with numerous cancers. We aimed to investigate the functions of FUTs in COAD.

Topological Hall Effect in Thin Films of an Antiferromagnetic Weyl Semimetal Integrated on Si.

Since the large room-temperature anomalous Hall effect was discovered in noncollinear antiferromagnets, MnSn has received immense research interest as it exhibits abundant exotic physical properties including Weyl points and enormous potential for antiferromagnetic spintronic device applications. In this work, we report the emergence of the topological Hall effect in MnSn films grown on Si that is the workhorse for the modern highly integrated information technology. Importantly, through a series of systematic comparative experiments, the intriguing topological Hall effect phenomenon related to the appearance of the noncoplanar chiral spin structure is found to be induced by the MnSn/SiO interface.

Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction.

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is a rapidly growing field in condensed-matter physics and information technology with potential applications for high-density and ultrafast information devices. However, the practical application of these devices has been largely limited by small electrical outputs at room temperature. Here we describe a room-temperature exchange-bias effect between a collinear antiferromagnet, MnPt, and a non-collinear antiferromagnet, MnPt, which together are similar to a ferromagnet-antiferromagnet exchange-bias system.

Chemical Potential Switching of the Anomalous Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic Metal.

The discovery of the anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnetic metals represents one of the most important breakthroughs for the emergent antiferromagnetic spintronics. The tuning of chemical potential has been an important theoretical approach to varying the anomalous Hall conductivity, but the direct experimental demonstration has been challenging owing to the large carrier density of metals. In this work, an ultrathin noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn Ge film is fabricated and its carrier density is modulated by ionic liquid gating.

Antiferromagnetism in Ni-Based Superconductors.

Due to the lack of any magnetic order down to 1.7 K in the parent bulk compound NdNiO , the recently discovered 9-15 K superconductivity in the infinite-layer Nd Sr NiO thin films has provided an exciting playground for unearthing new superconductivity mechanisms. Herein, the successful synthesis of a series of superconducting Nd Sr NiO thin films ranging from 8 to 40 nm is reported.

Intermittent high glucose induces pyroptosis of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes via sodium-glucose cotransporter 1.

Cardiomyocyte death is an important pathogenic process in cardiac complications of diabetes. Diabetic patients often suffer glycemic variability. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death triggered by inflammasomes and related with caspase-1 and gasdermin D activation.

Inhibition of SGLT1 protects against glycemic variability-induced cardiac damage and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic mice.

Aims: Glycemic variability has been shown to be more harmful in the development of diabetic complication than sustained chronic hyperglycemia. In this present study, we tried to reveal the effects of glycemic variability on cardiac damage in diabetic mice and investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), an important cardiac glucose transporter, functions as an important mediator in the process.

Materials And Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) mice were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and then glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (GVDM) was induced by alternately injecting insulin and glucose to DM mice.

Knockdown of SGLT1 prevents the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by glucose fluctuation via relieving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Fluctuations in the concentration of glucose in the blood is more detrimental than a constantly high level of glucose with respect to the development of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been developed as antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits; however, whether inhibition of SGLT1 protects the diabetic heart remains to be determined. This study investigated the role of SGLT1 in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to fluctuating levels of glucose and the underlying mechanisms.